Immobilization of Amylase on Magnetic Nanoparticles Essay

Abstract ÃŽ ±-amylase was immobilized covalently on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. The synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles was done by the coprecipitation conventional method. The chemical composition and particle size of the synthesized particles was confirmed via X-ray diffraction. Tyrosine, Lucien and chitosan and glutaraldehyde were investigated to make a covalent binding between the iron oxide magnetic core and the immobilized enzyme. Immobilization using chitosan and glutaraldehyde show the best result. Finally the immobilization efficiency was tested by determination of protein concentration in a solution before and after mixing with the magnetic nanoparticles. Introduction In the last two decades, new terms with the prefix `nano’ have rushed into the scientific vocabulary; nanoparticle, nanostructure, nanotechnology, nanomaterial, nanocluster, nanochemistry, nanocolloids, nanoreactor and so on. Nanoparticles, are defined as particulate dispersions with a size in the range of 10-100nm (Gubin et al, 2005). Magnetic nanoparticles have gained a remarkable interest in the last years both for basic research and applied studies. The use of magnetic nanostructures has been proven in biochemistry, biomedicine, and waste treatment among other fields. This broad range of applications is based on the fact that magnetic particles have very large magnetic moments, which allow them to be transported and driven by external magnetic fields. The magnetic nanostructures have also a great potential in biotechnological processes taking into account that they can be utilized as a carrier for enzymes during different biocatalytic transformations (Dussà ¡n et al, 2007 ). Different types of biomolecules such as proteins, enzymes, antibodies, and anticancer agents can be immobilized on these nanoparticles. Magnetic supports for immobilization purpose are either prepared by incorporating magnetic particles during the synthesis of the supporting polymer or magnetic particles itself be coated with common support materials such as dextran or agarose. Recently, a new method for the direct binding of proteins on magnetic nanoparticles via carbodiimide activation was proposed (Ren et al, 2011). Immobilization is one of the efficient methods to improve enzyme stability. There are various methods for immobilization of enzymes on many different types of supports. It can be a chemical method in which ionic or covalent bond formations occur between the enzyme and the carrier, or it can be a physical method, such as adsorption or entrapment of the enzyme in or on a solid support material. Magnetic nanoparticles as immobilization materials have advantage based on its property and size that make it desirable for using it in various applications (Mateo et al, 2007). Iron oxide nanoparticles, Fe3O4, are one of the widely used types of magnetic nanoparticles and have great potential for applications in biology and medicine due to their strong magnetic properties and low toxicity (Jalal et al, 2011) Review of literature I) Magnetic nanoparticles: The historical development of nanoparticles starting with Paul Ehrlich and then first attempts by Ursula Scheffel and colleagues and the extensive work by the group of Professor Peter Speiser at the ETH Zà ¼rich in the late 1960s and early 1970s (Jà ¶rg Kreuter 2007). They are solid particles with a size from 10 to 100nm which can be manipulated using magnetic field. Such particles commonly consist of magnetic elements such as iron, nickel and cobalt. They have been used in catalysis, biomedicine, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic particle imaging, data storage , environmental remediation and optical filters (Gubin et al, 2005). Magnetic nanoparticles as immobilization materials have the following advantages: simple and inexpensive production, can be released in controlled manner, stable magnetic properties of complexed nanoparticles and easy isolation steps in short time. Among these materials, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles are the most commonly studied. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles have good biocompatibility, strong superparamagnetism, low toxicity, and an easy preparation process, and their use in biosensors has already shown attractive prospects (Sheng-Fu Wang and Yu-Mei Tan, 2007). II) Magnetic core material: There are many magnetic materials available with a wide range of magnetic properties. such as cobalt, chromium and iron oxide-based materials such as magnetite and maghemite. The suitable magnetic materials depend on applications the MNP will apply in (Dobson et al, 2007). Magnetite Fe3O4: Magnetite is a common mineral which exhibits ferro (ferri) magnetic properties. The structure of magnetite belongs to the spinel group, which has a formula of AB2O4. Its ferromagnetic structures arise from alternating lattices of Fe(II) and Fe(III). This gives it a very strong magnetization compared to naturally occurring antiferromagnetic compounds such as the ferrihydrite core of the ferritin protein (McBain et al, 2008). III) Synthesis of iron Magnetic nanoparticles: There were many synthesis methods for magnetic nanoparticles one of these is Co-precipitation. This method may be the most promising one because of its simplicity and productivity (zhao et al., 2008). It is widely used for biomedical applications because of ease of implementation and need for less hazardous materials and procedures. Co-precipitation is specifically the precipitation of an unbound â€Å"antigen along with an antigen-antibody complex† in terms of medicine (Indira and Lakshmi, 2010).The reaction principle is simply as: Fe2+ + 2Fe3+ + 8OH– ⇔ Fe (OH)2 + 2Fe(OH)3 → Fe3O4 + 4H2O (Guo et al., 2009). Other method used for synthesis like: Thermolysis of metal-containing compounds, synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles at a gas-liquid interface, synthesis in reverse micelles and sol-gel method (Gubin et al, 2005). IV) Characterization of MNP: There is no unique method for determination of the nanoparticle composition and dimensions; as a rule, a set of methods including X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscope and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) Spectroscopy are used (Gubin et al, 2005). X-Ray diffraction analysis of nanomaterial seldom produces diffraction patterns with a set of narrow reflections adequate for identification of the composition of the particles they contain. Some X-ray diffraction patterns exhibit only two or three broadened peaks of the whole set of reflections typical of the given phase (Moroz 2011). In the case of larger particles (provided that high-quality X-ray diffraction patterns can be obtained), it is often possible not only to determine the phase composition but also to estimate, based on the reflection width, the size of coherent X-ray scattering areas, corresponding to the average crystallite (nanoparticle) size. This is usually done by the Scherer formula (Gubin et al, 2005). The nanoparticle dimensions are determined most often using Transmission electron microscope, which directly shows the presence of nanoparticles in the material under examination and their arrangement relative to one another. The phase composition of nanoparticles can be derived from electron diffraction patterns recorded for the same sample during the investigation. Note that in some cases, TEM investigations of dynamic processes are also possible. For example, the development of dislocations and disclinations in the nanocrystalline during the mechanochemical treatment has been observed (Woehrle et al, 2000). More comprehensive information is provided by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, which allows one to study the structure of both the core and the shell of a nanoparticle with atomic resolution, and in some cases, even to determine their stoichiometric composition (Woehrle et al, 2000). The structures of non-crystalline samples are often studied by EXAFS spectroscopy. An important advantage of these methods is its selectivity, because it provides the radial distribution (RDA) curve for the atoms of the local environment of the chosen chemical element in the sample. The interatomic distances (R) and coordination numbers (N) obtained by EXAFS are then compared with the known values for the particular phase (Gubin et al, 2005). Other methods are used more rarely to study the nanoparticle structures. Integrated research makes it possible to determine rather reliably the structures of simple nanoparticles; however, determination of the structures of nanoparticles composed of a core and a shell of different compositions are often faced with difficulties (Gubin et al, 2005). V) Stabilization of Magnetic Nanoparticles: Although there have been many significant developments in the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, maintaining the stability of these particles for a long time without agglomeration or precipitation is an important issue. Stability is a crucial requirement for almost any application of magnetic nanoparticles. Especially pure metals, such as Fe, Co, and Ni and their metal alloys, are very sensitive to air. Thus, the main difficulty for the use of pure metals or alloys arises from their instability towards oxidation in air, and the susceptibility towards oxidation becomes higher the smaller the particles are (Lu et al, 2007). Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient strategies to improve the chemical stability of magnetic nanoparticles: Surface Passivation by Mild Oxidation: A very simple approach to protect the magnetic particles is to induce a controlled oxidation of a pure metal core, a technique long known for the passivation of air-sensitive supported catalysts. This oxidation can be achieved by various methods (Peng et al, 1999). For example, Peng et al. developed a method for oxidizing gas-phase nanoparticles by using a plasma-gas-condensation-type cluster deposition apparatus. Demonstrated that very good control over the chemical state of the cobalt nanoparticles was achieved by their exposure to an oxygen plasma. The control of the oxide layer has a tremendous impact on exchange-biased systems, where a well-defined thickness of the ferromagnetic core and the anti-ferromagnetic shell are desirable. Moreover, a direct correlation of the structure and magnetism in the small particles can be determined. developed a mild oxidation method, using synthetic air to smoothly oxidize the as-synthesized cobalt nanoparticles to form a stable outer layer which can stabilize the nanoparticles against further oxidation (Peng et al, 1999). Other methods: Matrix-Dispersed Magnetic Nanoparticles, Carbon Coating, Silica Coating , Precious-Metal Coating and Surfactant and Polymer Coating Typical strategies for immobilizing catalysis enzyme onto MNPs rely on surface grafting via low molecular weight linkers or polymers containing amino or epoxy functional groups to which enzyme are reacted via covalent conjugation methods (Ren et al, 2011). Due to their high specific surface area and easy separation from the reaction medium by the use of a magnetic field, they have been employed in enzymatic catalysis applications ex amylase EC 3.2.1 (Ren et al, 2011). The maximum reported loading capacity of amylase is approximately 81.97 mg/g (AktaÅŸ et al, 2011). One drawback of existing immobilization technologies is that the activity of enzyme decreases significantly upon immobilization due possibly to changes in enzyme secondary structure, or limited access of substrate to the active site of the surface bound enzyme (Lei et al, 2009). Thus, despite numerous reported approaches for immobilization of catalysis enzyme on magnetic nanoparticles, there is still the need for simple, cost-effective and high loading capacity methods. Aim of work Is to Synthesis of iron magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) then immobilize amylase on MNP and test the efficiency of immobilization method then study the activity of immobilized amylase.

Elements of a Contract Scenario Essay

1. Jack has to decide whether to engage an attorney. What would you advise? I would advise jack not to engage an attorney in the case. First, the fact that the old woman who sold the china shows signs of Alzheimer is enough to nullify the contract. A person can only get into contract if they are understand the terms and are considered to be competent. A person engaging in a contract should be able to understand all the ramifications, something which the old woman might not have understood (Chen-Wishart 41). Moreover, she sold the china at a very low price when compared to its value, and this is evidence enough that she did not understand what the china’s really value is and these might be signs of the disease. 2. Was there a valid contract when Jack purchased the china for $150.00. Why or why not? Did Jack’s superior knowledge prevent formation of a contract? How might the widow’s age or possible medical condition affect contract formation There was a valid contract during the time of sale because the two parties agreed on the price and the payment was done. Nevertheless, the contract can be easily reversed on the basis that one of the parties was incapacitated to engage in any legal agreement. Initially, jack did not have knowledge on the condition of the woman, but this is not evidence enough for him to win the case (Cibinic et al 62). The widow’s age should however have been enough alarm to show him that she did not have knowledge regarding the value of the product. As a result, jack should not have taken this to his advantage and bought the china at a price which was very low. Moreover, he should have accepted the initial offer made by her daughter, since this would have been profitable for him instead of engaging in a law suit. 3. What is the likelihood that the daughter’s suit will succeed? State your reasons. Is contract rescission a potential remedy? Why or why not? Is an award of monetary damages an adequate remedy? Why or why not? There is a likelihood that the daughters suit will succeed, based on the facts of the case. First, one of the parties was incapacitated to engage in a contract, and this meant that there was no recognizable contract. Moreover, the value of the china  indicates that jack has taken the woman’s condition to his advantage and gave a price which was very low (Dawson 73). Contract rescission would be the possible remedy in this case, because the woman had willingly sold the china at a throw away price, and just like any other business man jack would not have refused to purchase it. Awarding the monetary damages is however not a possible remedy because there was no criminal act entailed in the contract, and jack did not have prior knowledge of the woman’s condition. Works Cited Chen-Wishart, Mindy. Contract Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Print. Cibinic, John, Ralph C. Nash, and James F. Nagle. Administration of Government Contracts. Washington, D C: George Washington University, National Law Center, Government Contracts Program, 2006. Print. Dawson, John P. Cases on Rescission of Contracts and Restitution at Law and in Equity. Ann Arbor, Mich: Brumfield & Brumfield, 1934. Print.

3D-Printing as a Revolutionary Step in Manufacturing

The human history has seen much revolutionary discovery and invention which have transformed the human life. Such discoveries have changed the human life invariably, one of such invention is the ‘Internet,' and even the inventor wouldn't have imagined the implication of the technology. In the present time, 3D printing is gaining the traction and this emerging technology is set to disrupt the way things are manufactured currently (Birtchnell & Urry 2016). The technology is set to have a profound impact on politics, economics, security and environment. This essay is designed to understand the impact of 3D printing on the life of normal human being and will help in understanding the various implications of the technology. For the ease of understanding the initial section explains the technology, followed by its impacts and finally the conclusion. The 3D printing technology has been termed as disruptive technology by Petrick & Simpson (2013 .pp:12). It has been aptly stated by the authors that the industrial revolution has created a disruption in the society through the introduction of machines which didn't only reduce the time of manufacturing but were also capable of producing materials at much faster rate. Similarly, the 3D printing technology will remove the dependencies on the supply chain and will move the power to the designer and the consumer removing all the mediators. On a similar note, Campbell et al. (2011) have presented the same trend with the advent of the 3D printing technology which will affect various aspects of the life ranging from economics, politics, environment, and security. Although Berman (2012) have agreed to the fact that the technology is the next industrial revolution but have presented the technology on a positive note, which stresses mostly on the advantages of the technology. The disruptive nature of the technology is because it totally changes the dynamics of the society and has a very deep impact on the citizens. Rayna & Striukova (2014) have stated in their work that good planning is mandatory for any execution and have presented the impact of the technology on the business model innovation, thus helping in the creation of the structure based on the disruption that has been created due to the technology. It has also been stated that the employment that will be created for the designing the object and making are printable will also be significant. Furthermore, Garrett (2014) too have emphasized the importance of the strategic planning for the implementation of the technology so that its disruptive effects are nullified with proper planning. Hence it can be understood that the 3D printing technology is indeed disruptive in nature and if not implemented with proper planning in mind could prove disastrous to many aspects of the human life like the economy, policies, health, etc. In the previous section, the disruptive nature of the technology have been presented which affects many aspects of human life and the most important of them is unemployment created due to the change of roles. According to Rifkin (2012), the two industrial revolutions have created unemployment and with the third revolution on its way in the form of 3D printing is set to create more unemployment and distributed capitalism which will affect the rate of employment in the world. On a similar note Peters (2016) have expressed concern about the effect of 3D printing on the various economies around the world. It has been presented that the automation industry is continuously eating up the jobs of the country and to add to that 3D printing will totally destroy employment. A similar fear has been expressed by Weller Kleer & Piller (2015) who have mentioned that â€Å"3D printing is a two-edged sword for the developing countries†. Employment is extremely important for a country and to counter the effects of the various technology methods have been presented by several authors. According to Rifkin (2012), the previous industrial revolutions, on the one hand, has reduced the staffs on the factory premise but has created employment in the different areas thus creating a more sophisticated workforce, similar things will also result due to the advent of the newer technology, and for that the humanity should be well prepared with the necessary skills. The need of the well-trained personnel will increase with the technology and will generate employment in a different arena. The student will be benefitted most with the advent of the technology as it will help them understand the basics of the construction with extreme ease (Schelly et al. 2015). However, it should be borne in mind that the implementation of the technology will create dedicated job only for the skilled personnels. The ease of manufacturing with the help of the 3D printers have created a lot of issues regarding the security of the community as the technology can be used for the production of various products which can be used against the society. According to the report that has been published in The Guardian (2016), sophisticated weapon manufacturing facility has been unearthed during the raids across the Gold Coast. The main catch of the news is, the weapons were manufactured at the facility with the help of 3D printers. The advantages of such guns are many which include, lightweight, lethal, and are not detected by metal detectors.   According to Lindstrom (2014), drones can also be created with the help of the printers which can be used in advanced warfare. Thus it can be easily seen that the 3D printing technology can be effectively used against the people or the country for harming them. Hence the use of the printers should be supervised to ensure the security of the subjects of the c ountry. The security should be given the foremost priority among all to ensure the technology doesn’t create an issue for the other citizens of the country. To ensure the maximum utilization of the resources, and avoiding the exploitation, the rules and the regulations of the land should be very strong and enforcing agencies should be well equipped to counter any contingency. According to Pierrakakis et al. (2014), the regulations around the world should be more stringent to ensure information doesn't land up in the wrong hands. The issues with the technology are also very different as the files containing the information of the manufacturing is more necessary compared to the infrastructure thus making the act of prevention more difficult compared to the physical objects. A similar fear has been expressed by Little (2013), who have shared that the 3D printing technology should not be made public as the security implications will surely create a disaster in the society as the gun contr ol law won’t be very effective with its implementation. Hence it is highly recommended that the technology should not be made public as it is not yet mature and the laws of the land should be well prepared for the implication of technology. In this report, a detailed discussion has been presented to understand the 3D printing technology and its impact on society. For this study, the various aspects of the technology have been scrutinized and have been presented for a better understanding of the technology. In the following section the disadvantages of the technology have been presented, which are its disruptive nature, unemployment rates, environmental impact, security, etc. and finally the recommendation has been offered in each section to contain the technology for future and simultaneously create the workforce depending upon the technology to reduce its negative effects, which will not only allow a healthy environment for all but will also help in creation of healthy technology with everyone in mind. Birtchnell, T. & Urry, J., 2016.  A New Industrial Future?: 3D Printing and the Reconfiguring of Production, Distribution, and Consumption. Routledge. Petrick, I.J. & Simpson, T.W., 2013. 3D printing disrupts manufacturing: how economies of one create new rules of competition.  Research-Technology Management,  56(6), pp.12-16. Campbell, T., Williams, C., Ivanova, O. & Garrett, B., 2011. Could 3D printing change the world? Technologies, Potential, and Implications of Additive Manufacturing, Atlantic Council, Washington, DC. Berman, B., 2012. 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution.  Business Horizons,  55(2), pp.155-162. Rayna, T. & Striukova, L., 2014. The impact of 3D printing technologies on business model innovation. In  Digital Enterprise Design & Management  (pp. 119-132). Springer International Publishing. Garrett, B., 2014. 3D printing: new economic paradigms and strategic shifts.  Global Policy,  5(1), pp.70-75. Rifkin, J., 2012. The third industrial revolution: How the internet, green electricity, and 3-d printing are ushering in a sustainable era of distributed capitalism.  World Financial Review,  1, pp.4052-4057. Peters, M.A., 2016. Technological unemployment: Educating for the fourth industrial revolution. Weller, C., Kleer, R. and Piller, F.T., 2015. Economic implications of 3D printing: market structure models in light of additive manufacturing revisited.  International Journal of Production Economics,  164, pp.43-56. Schelly, C., Anzalone, G., Wijnen, B. and Pearce, J.M., 2015. Open-source 3-D printing technologies for education: Bringing additive manufacturing to the classroom.  Journal of Visual Languages & Computing,  28, pp.226-237. Lindstrom, G., 2014. Why Should We Care about 3-D Printing and What Are Potential Security Implications?.  Geneva Centre for Security Policy, Policy Paper,  6, p.2014. Pierrakakis, K., Kandias, M., Gritzali, C. and Gritzalis, D., 2014. 3D Printing and its regulation dynamics: The world in front of a paradigm shift. In  Proc. of the 6th International Conference on Information Law and Ethics. Little, R.K., 2013. Guns Don't Kill People; 3D Printing Does: Why the Technology Is a Distraction from Effective Gun Controls. Hastings LJ,  65, p.1505.

The family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The family - Essay Example This traditional notion of the family is not only being challenged by new social realities but by anthropologists such as Jane Collier, Michelle Z. Rosaldo and Sylvia Yanagisako, the authors of â€Å"Is there a family?† who quite persuasively argue that the family is not â€Å"†¦a universal human institution.† They argue, â€Å"†¦the family is not as a concrete institution designed to fulfill universal human needs, but as an ideological construct associated with the modern state† (Collier 1). As controversial as this argument may sound, one finds support from Diane Ackerman’s, â€Å"A Natural History of Love† and in Sara Ruddick’s â€Å"Thinking about the Father.† Scientific and anthropological perspectives concerning the family concept invalidate earlier understandings. It establishes that the family is not a universal phenomenon and that even when it does exist in its traditional form it reflects the human desire for familiar patterns which is derived from the biological instincts. The most generalized concept of family, as the nuclear family which consists of a father, a mother, and children, still exists overwhelmingly in human society, however, new perspectives on the concept of the family is gathering strength. Social anthropologist, Bronislaw Malinowski is responsible for the popular traditional concept of the family as a universal phenomenon. He states, â€Å"The human infant needs parental protection for a much longer period than does the young of even the highest anthropoid apes. The father and mother have to look after the children for a long period, and in turn, derive certain benefits from the care and trouble taken† (Collier 2). According to his argument, the family fulfilled the universal need and so it is a universal institution. The universal function of a family is to nurture children. As he noted, the family unit was preserved and protected by the commitment of its members to one another, by the well-defined roles

Organizational Behavior and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organizational Behavior and Leadership - Essay Example National productivity, increasing organizational effectiveness, reducing employee absenteeism, and increasing job satisfaction among the employees of a company. When an employee joins a new organization, he or she brings to the organization a new and unique set of personal background and characteristics from other organizations (Griffin & Moorhead 2010, p. 3). The manager of that organization must be able to recognize the unique perspective of the new employee in order to manage a better working relationship with that employee. This understanding of employee behaviors in order to improve organizational effectiveness is known as organizational behavior. The main purpose of the study of organizational behaviors is to apply principles to increase the organizational effectiveness by examining the individual impact and to bring required improvements in the organizational structure. Implementation of the essential principles is very important to bring a positive change in the organizationa l structure. Management of the company needs to be fully aware of the basic goals and objectives of the company in order to implement the principles behind any organizational behavior. Some of the main objectives for the application of principles include understanding the employees’ nature, understanding the organizational culture, developing effective leaders, developing good teams, and increasing the productivity (Stevens 2007). Studying organizational behavior is extremely important for the mangers for increasing productivity of any company or organization (Miner 2007). The studies not only makes an employee know his importance in the organization as an employee but also helps him develop good characteristics and behaviors required to progress in the professional career. If we talk about multinational organizations, we can say that such organizations have distinctive organizational characteristics that provide a unique context for organizational behaviors.

Leadership and management issues that might occur in SABMiller Essay

Leadership and management issues that might occur in SABMiller takeover of Fosters - Essay Example The Leadership styles and the organization culture though are quite similar between these cultures yet there are some major differences which can be lethal if not looked into. The British business culture is more formal and there approach is more money oriented while they like to engage in work with people. The management and leadership put more emphasis on organization structure having defined hierarchy and ranks. This approach leads to an organization in which employees have to adhere to strict norms and follow rules while interacting within the organization. Australians on the other hand are less formal and casual in situations, they are more motivated by the organization itself rather than people working around them. The managers like to take direct part in the employee progress and have an environment similar to a coaching culture. They are more performance oriented rather than power oriented indicating that if SABMiller management will have certain issues while making policies and decisions regarding organizational changes. Fosters employees can face lack of motivation when made to work in teams, changing their approach towards monetary returns, int eract formally with peers within the organization and maintain a formal attitude throughout the working day. Management has to employee Change managers typically familiar with both these cultures so as to keep a balance and achieve a balanced workforce. The leadership in UK is more keen on monetary results i.e. they base success on the result on the financial return the team or employee brought rather than the performance in the situation. This leadership style can be troublesome for the Australian employees. ABC.net. (September 22, 201). Unions worried about Fosters job losses. Available: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-09-22/unions-worried-about-fosters-job-losses/2911742/?site=northandwest. Last accessed 10th OCT

Advantages to employers in instituting family-friendly policies Research Paper

Advantages to employers in instituting family-friendly policies - Research Paper Example A human’s life comes with a lot of responsibilities to fulfill.But these responsibilities sometimes prove to be difficult to manage such as the work life and the family life.But effective work life balance establishes itself to be a win-win situation for both the employer and the employee. It helps to retain the employees and also increase their performance by providing them benefits that makes the juggling between home life and work life easier and flexible. But like every human phenomena, it also has a flipside. The job sharing done to accommodate the work that could not be completed is given to the employees who don’t have children. This makes them to work out two jobs for a single wage. Hence, effective distribution of the work is the key in here. Introduction Life is not easy. There are many spheres in our lives that hold equal importance and hence we need to manage all of them. Our work, our family, our social life and our health are some of the areas that we need to juggle between. Neglecting any of them proves to be harsh on us. New age employers are now understanding this fact and taking initiatives to make work life much more flexible and hence happier, by employing family friendly policies. Today, employing family friendly policies is not just about the happiness of the employees, but it’s also about the attaining the status for an employer which increases his value in the market and gives him a gut above the rest with the help of the tag â€Å"a good employer†. ... This in turn affects their performance as a whole which leads to a dip further in their job satisfaction (Halpern, 2005). If they are not satisfied, this feeling will further have a loading on their personal lives. The stress they experience will have its dire manifestation on their health. Many diseases that can result out of this are hypertension, heart disease, polycystic ovarian disease and so on. This can be seen in times of economic nose-dives such as recession. This was a time where the employees didn’t have a clear idea as to will they retain their jobs the next consequent day or will they be called- off from their jobs. The new age employers understand the importance of keeping employees happy even in the hardest of times because this will lead to greater production for the organization’s stated goals. Some of the family friendly policies can be that the organizations provides coverage for prescription drugs, hospital bills, basic clinician’s expenses an d other paramedical services such as the visits to a psychologist. The juggle between work and family and the tight schedule where in to sit comfortably and contemplate for one’s life becomes a rare luxury. Taking this scenario into account, we need to understand that an employee is also a human being and may also get nasty spells of depression and frustration and hence there might be a need for him to vent out all the anger and pain that is loitering around with him in all his spheres of life, making them even more unmanageable. Here comes a need for a psychologist. A faulty thought pattern may lead to faulty behavioral tendencies. Next Level Games is a Vancouver based organization that understands this fact and gives coverage

Operations manager & project management tools Essay

Operations manager & project management tools - Essay Example The methodology of a project enables a project manager to finish the project as early as possible, whether the manager is a novice or an expert (MPMM). A project manager makes use of a methodology in order to keep the projects going as per the schedule and conforming to the standards of quality required by the client. Methodology also helps a project manager structure the project in a way that it becomes more manageable. Methodology applied on a particular project can be used for many projects of similar nature, thus becoming a process as more and more projects are executed. Methodologies involved in a project include but are not limited to conduction of feasibility studies, cost-benefit analysis, designing, risk assessment, cost assessment, obtainment of insurance coverage, selection of staff, space management, organization, project execution, leading and controlling. All of these are a necessary part of the management of any project. There is also a whole range of project management tools including basic project management applications, wiki-based project management, ticket and bug tracking, conferencing and collaboration, invoic ing and time tracking (Chapman). Likewise, an operations manager needs to use all these methodologies to conduct the operation. In fact, execution of a project of any nature is an operation in itself. Thus, a project manager and operations manager can be used interchangeably. A task does not necessarily have to be called a project in order for project management methods to be very useful in its planning and implementation. Even the smallest task can benefit from the use of a well-chosen project management technique or tool, especially in the planning stage. (Chapman). In order to make the operation cost effective, an operations manager needs to assess the risks involved in the work prior to the commencement of the work. Taking

Blame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Blame - Essay Example The consequentialist theory holds that the moral rightness or ethicality of the act can only be determined by the actual consequences that the act yields (Armstrong). Also, the rules applicable to the acts of same kind or motivation behind the act, also determine the moral rightness of the act. If the consequences are good for the people than the act is also good. Based on the consequentialist theory, the terrorist’s actions held no moral rightness or ethicality as their acts directly resulted in the killing of thousands of people and indirectly it resulted in creating an atmosphere of fear for the Americans, and discrimination for the people of same ethnic and geographical background. Although all Muslims, be they devout or not, are not responsible for such actions and do not hold such enmity against Americans, yet, the actions of the terrorists resulted in reflecting upon the whole Muslim community. Which gives rise to the blame that if the actions of the terrorists were not morally right so are the actions of the people who discriminate against the Muslims or the Arabs are wrong; as being part of a learned civilization they should

Formative Assessment Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formative Assessment - Literature review Example The following essay aims to evaluate a particular research done using a particular framework with a focus on the factor of identity. Currently, the most comprehensive framework used for evaluation is known as the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families, which is also referred to as the Assessment Framework. Released in 2000 in guidance form under the UK Department of Health, the Assessment Framework takes into consideration three domains in analysing family situations. These factors include the child’s development needs, the capacity of the parents to raise the child, and family and environmental factors (â€Å"Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families† 17). Under each of these three domains are multiple dimensions or factors which the social worker must consider in both assessing the family situation and in making decisions of any type regarding the child. Falling under the domain of the child’s development n eeds is the dimension of identity. According to the Assessment Framework, it â€Å"concerns the child’s growing sense of self as a separate and valued person. Identity includes the child's view of self and abilities, self-image and self-esteem, and the possession of a positive sense of individuality. Race, religion, age, gender, sexuality and disability may all contribute to this. The said concept also includes feelings of belonging and acceptance by family, peer group and wider society, including other cultural groups† (â€Å"Framework† 19). Knowing how the child views him or herself, especially in relation to others, is essential in achieving the end goal of the child’s holistic well-being. How human beings view themselves has long been a topic of discussion for many of the social sciences and their practical counterparts in social work, as evidenced by the various theories on identity formation, development, and composition that have been put forward. These theories are very varied, from George Herbert Mead’s I and Me theory, to the object-relation theories of Winnicott (Thomas & Holland 2619). It is no surprise then, that there are just as many researches regarding identity as there are theories about them. For the purpose of this essay, however, the discussion will focus on the 2009 research by Jane Thomas and Sally Holland regarding the representation of children’s identities in core assessments. The research, which was conducted in Wales, was undertaken via the analysis of twenty-six core assessments concerning thirty-two children and implemented by thirteen social service practitioners (Thomas and Holland 2621). The core assessments were conducted under the guidelines of the Assessment Framework. The research focused on the portion of the assessment that dealt with identity and data collection consisted of reading of assessment reports, semi-structured interviews with the thirteen practitioners, semi-structured interviews with thirteen parents or carers and semi-structured interviews and research-related games and activities with ten children (Thomas and Holland 2622). The research yielded interesting results. It was shown through the interviews that the practitioners themselves were aware of the flexible and changing nature of identity and had some difficulty with describing their own identity,

How to do qualitative research Essay Example for Free

How to do qualitative research Essay Introduction: Qualitative research is about asking questions and gathering information through words, to then later analyze. One way of doing this is through ethnography. But before any research can be done, there must be a research question. In this case, Do the Olympics cause their audience to act differently than when they are watching any other popular TV show? This question was chosen to clearly outline the process of ethnography, and how it is useful in finding out the information needed to answer this research question. Methodology: An ethnography is A Research approach to understanding the culture of a group (patterns of behaviour/attitudes, how they create meaning), by immersing oneself in the activities of the specific group over a period of time and then writing up a descriptive summary. (Savage 3). An ethnographic approach includes being engaged in and listening to conversations, taking regular notes and collecting artifacts of the group being studied (Savage 7). All of these things later help in writing up a summary of findings that where gathered from the ethnography. There are two main types of ethnography, first there is an overt ethnography where the participants are told they are being observed. This type of ethnography is most commonly used and is less risky because the participants are aware of the study that is taking place. The other type is covert. This is where the researcher is unknown by the participants (Savage 10). The ethnography done about whether the Olympics change the way an audience acts is a covert ethnography. The subjects were unaware of the researcher and the fact that they were being studied and just watched TV as they normally would. Although this study was in a closed setting, there is always a chance of a risk when doing a covert study, because one of the participants may not want to be studied (Savage 9-10). Another important aspect of doing an ethnography is gaining access. Gaining access all depends on whether it is a closed setting or an open setting. Open settings are public settings are are fairly easy to gain access to. They include places like a street corner, or a movie theatre lobby, or city council meetings (Savage 9). Closed settings are non-public settings that are harder to gain access to because they usually require a contact, or permission to get into. Closed settings include families, firms, doctors offices and political parties (Savage 9). These are places that access is only granted to people who have permission. Although, in most cases, a lot of groups that are in a closed setting, have both open and closed settings, so if permission was not granted, then there would still be an opportunity for an ethnography when the group is in an open setting. The ethnography that was done took place in a closed setting and access was granted due to it being at the researchers house. This made it easy to gain access without having to worry about any limits that can sometimes come with closed settings. Summary of Findings For this topic, one would find that using ethnography would be the best way to go about making a research project about the Olympics causing an audience to act differently then when they watch other popular TV shows. This is because the study was about to view two different settings, one of subjects watching a popular TV show (American Idol), and one of subjects watching the Olympic Games. This allowed for a very good comparison between the two, and made answering the research question fairly easy. While doing the ethnography in both settings, being a fly on the wall allowed the researcher to observe how the subjects acted in both situations without being noticed. The setting also helped in disguising the researcher, because the subjects were just told it was homework, or they were used to the researcher being on the computer anyways. If this study were to be conducted as an in-depth interview, the results would be quite different. The interviewee may not know how they react when theyre watching television, or may not notice that they act differently and vise versa, which would then make it difficult to get the desired information. This would put the study at a halt because no relevant information would have been gathered. Conducting an ethnography is the only real way to go about answering this research question. There is a certain level of control that comes with doing an ethnography for this question because the researcher is unknown, this also ensures that the subjects are acting the way the normally would and not acting the way the think they should act. Which is sometimes the case when people are told they are being studied. Also, (in this case) the subjects are somewhat being forced to watch the desired television show. This ensures that the subjects are being exposed to the same show and can allow for more specific research. Ethnography is also useful because it allows for change. If the ethnography were to go on, there would most likely be more television shows to compare the Olympics to, but in this case, the research question could be narrowed down to Do the Olympics cause their audience to act differently than when they are watching American Idol? . If the study were to continue, because it is an ethnography with multiple subjects for each show, there is room for change, and the data that was already collected would still be useful. Whereas if an in-depth interview was to done, and data was collected there is no guarantee that each subject watches the same television shows to be able to compare among the different subject that were interviewed. Key Learnings After choosing to use an ethnography to answer this research question, some things became quite clear. First, when conducting a covert ethnography, sometimes it is not so easy to remain unknown to every subject, and it is difficult to judge what they are thinking or what they will do if they were to find out. This raised the question of what should the researcher do if they are in a closed setting that they cannot leave and a subject did not want to be studied and was very angry? In most closed setting situations, the chances are that it will not be a covert ethnography, but after this covert closed setting ethnography, it was made clear that the position of research should not be made known for the safety of the researcher. This leads to another question about ethics and who should be harmed in that case. If the researcher is in danger of being harmed if they were to tell the subject that they were being studied, and if the researcher did not tell the subject, then it is considered unethical because the subject is being lied to. Does this issue then become an issue of choosing the greater good? In which case, who decides what the greater good is? Second, when doing an ethnography there is not always something useful to take note of. This causes ethnography to be very time consuming because the research must wait until they have all the information needed which may take a very long time if nothing is happening. This causes a problem because there is no guarantee that anything will happen at all that would help the researcher answer their research question. Conclusion: In discussing using ethnography to answer the question of Do the Olympics cause their audience to act differently than when they are watching any other popular TV show? and what was learned, it is safe to conclude that ethnography is the best way to approach a question like this. This is largely due to the method being more successful at gathering information than its alternative, and because there are a number of way that is can be performed to ensure that the researcher is able to get the information needed.

A purely farcical character Essay Example for Free

A purely farcical character Essay In this essay I intend to discuss the statement Petruchio is a purely farcical character and far I agree with it. I intend to explore Petruchios character further to determine whether he has other side to him apart from his comical side whether he is a purely farcical character. The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy, a farcical play with a lot of the humour being about the war between the sexes, which is shown in the major theme of marriage, and men trying to tame their women. Petruchio plays a big part in this with his wooing and marriage to Katherine. Petruchio is the main character in the play aswell as Katherine and he is also one of the main farcical characters who is often witty and farcical in his speeches is portrayed as a clown with a lot of comic scenes. They are quite slapstick humour as with his wedding outfit, his outfit shows him acting the clown. The description we get of his outfit is very comical and the image of the old horse. It is his wedding day and he doesnt take it at all seriously. Another example of his humour is in Act 1 scene 2 where Petruchio and Grumio have a comic misunderstanding at the door. All these scenes are very silly and slapstick and show Petruchio as perhaps a purely farcical character, but there are other sides to him. Deceit is a major theme in The Taming of the Shrew, with many of the characters in disguise. Petruchio is one character who doesnt swap identities with another character as we see with Lucentio and Tranio, but he does have a different disguise. He plays a role to tame Katherine and marry her so that he can be wealthy. He tricks her into believing he is a cruel man and he tells the audience this in one of his speeches (iv line 159-178). He tells them of his plans to deceive her and cure her of her shrewish ways and so she will become the dutiful wife and a lady. He does imply in this speech that he himself will also have to suffer in order to tame her (line 170-178) Petruchios character is quite deceitful and he does admit this to the audience. He is so deceitful he almost fools the audience into believing he is being himself. But he cant be as he keeps informing them of his plans to deceive Katherine, so he obviously is not the man he portrays himself as. In the presence of his friends he is quite humorous as again with the scene where Petruchio and Grumio have the comical misunderstanding. With his friends he is more himself and is honest about what he wants, married, happy, and wealthy in Padua.

Endotracheal Intubation to Supraglottic Airway Device

Endotracheal Intubation to Supraglottic Airway Device Discussion Response 1 Much debate has occurred recently about high failure rates and adverse effects associated with pre-hospital paramedic endotracheal intubation. Should ETT be removed entirely and replaced with supraglottic airways? Maintaining an airway in a safe and effective manner is critical in pre-hospital management of the patient in respiratory distress. The debate regarding the most appropriate device to manage this situation in the pre-hospital setting will continue as devices and education and training of paramedics continues to improve. This discussion compares the failure rates and adverse effects of endotracheal intubation to supraglottic airway devices and discusses the possibility of removal of endotracheal tubes in favour of the use of supraglottic airways. The indications for endotracheal intubation for Victorian Paramedics are cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, GCS greater than or equal to 10 with suspected airway burns (a consult is required), GCS less than 10 due to respiratory failure, neurological injury, overdose, status epilepticus, hyperglycaemia with blood glucose level reading high or suspected airway burns. The paramedic requires clinical experience to recognise the 5 main indicators for intubation failure to ventilate, failure to oxygenate, inability to protect against aspiration, inability to maintain airway patency or predicting patient deterioration to respiratory failure (Lafferty Dillinger, 2016). Intubation success rates range from 69% to 98.4% the variation accounts for the level of education, training and case exposure. The success rate or lack thereof is directly proportional to the amount of education, training and case exposure received (Jacobs Grabinsky, 2014 and Piegeler, et al., 2016). In Australian studies it was found that Victorian HEMS based paramedics who underwent extensive training that included hospital based practice (Bernard S. A., et al., 2015) attained 97% (Bernard S. , Smith, Foster, Hogan, Patrick, 2002) 100% (Andrew, et al., 2015) success rate. These intubations showed improvements with oxygen saturation, end tidal carbon dioxide levels, blood pressure (Bernard S. , Smith, Foster, Hogan, Patrick, 2002) and pain scores (Andrew, et al., 2015). There is a recommendation from the European Resuscitation Council that only well trained and experienced paramedics should perform endotracheal intubation and alternate airway devices should be used by less trai ned paramedics (Schalk, et al., 2012). Failure to maintain competency of this skill increases the risk of errors eliminating the benefits of endotracheal intubation and results in a negative patient outcome (Tiah, et al., 2014). Endotracheal intubation is performed to ensure adequate ventilation and oxygenation also to avoid aspiration of gastric contents or blood during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (Piegeler, et al., 2016) and when the airway is threatened due to oedema in the setting of facial burns or suspected inhalation burns (Price Milner, 2012). Improved patient outcomes were demonstrated when endotracheal intubation was successfully achieved compared to those with a supraglottic device, there was a higher incidence of return of spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital admission, neurologically intact, survival to hospital discharge. (Benoit, Gerecht, Steuerwald, McMullan, 2015). Temporary harm from airway management is common however serious injury is not (Cook MacDougall-Davis, 2012). Complications attributed to endotracheal intubation are commonly hoarseness and sore throat, however patients can also experience lip swelling, laceration and bleeding, tongue laceration and bleeding, oral bleeding, dental damage, gingival bleeding, and pharyngeal bleeding (Toda, Toda, Arakawa, 2013). Failed intubation is associated with oxygen desaturation, hypertension, admission to ICU and complications at extubating (Cook MacDougall-Davis, 2012). The risks associated with out of hospital endotracheal intubation are pulmonary aspiration, delay in transport due to several attempts, tube misplacement or difficult airway management. In these cases, where an invasive and time consuming technique may delay definitive care it may be more appropriate to utilise a supraglottic airway device as an alternative (Piegeler, et al., 2016). The indications for the use of a supraglottic airway device are unconscious patient without gag reflex, ineffective ventilation with BVM and oro- or nasal-pharyngeal airway, predicted greater than 10 minutes assisted ventilation required, or unable to intubate or difficult intubation (Ambulance Victoria, 2016). Many studies indicate a less than 1% failure rate of supraglottic airway devices (Cook MacDougall-Davis, 2012) this is due to the lower education and training requirement and the device being less invasive (Jacobs Grabinsky, 2014). The failure rates were contributed to airway soiling and aspiration before paramedic treatment commenced. Proficiency of use is quickly attained (Haske, Schempf, Gaier, Niederberger, 2013), the device is faster to insert with higher success rate (Duckett, Fell, Kimber, Taylor, 2014) decreasing interruptions during a cardiac arrest and ventilation is possible with continuous compressions (Haske, Schempf, Gaier, Niederberger, 2013). The i-gel is a 2nd generation supraglottic airway device that exerts very low pressures on the pharyngeal mucosa resulting in low incidence of airway complication such as hoarseness and sore throat (Michalek, 2013). The major concerns of the use of any supraglottic airway device is the potential for air leak, airway, vocal cord and soft tissue injury, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia (Jacobs Grabinsky, 2014) and aspiration of gastric contents (Piegeler, et al., 2016). This generation of device is designed with a channel to insert a gastric tube to drain the stomach contents or air (Michalek, 2013) to prevent aspiration. Comparing placement success and time to ventilate when comparing unassisted endotracheal intubation and supraglottic airway device (Frascone, et al., 2011), hospital admission and survival to hospital discharge, and neurological or functional status (Tiah, et al., 2014) there is no significant difference between the two types of devices (Frascone, et al., 2011 and Tiah, et al., 2014). In the metropolitan setting of paramedic practice there is a solid argument for the cessation of endotracheal use in favour of a supraglottic device. The low level of education and training required to ensure proficiency, fast insertion time and the addition of the gastric tube channel along with the shorter transport times to definitive care indicates that a supraglottic airway is most appropriate airway device. References Ambulance Victoria. (2016). Clinical Practice Guidelines for Ambulance and MICA Paramedics (Revised Edition ed.). Doncaster, Victoria, Australia: Ambulance Victoria. Retrieved March 19, 2017 Andrew, E., de Wit, A., Meadley, B., Cox, S., Bernard, S., Smith, K. (2015, July/September). Characteristics of patients transported by a paramedic-staffed helicopter emergency medical service in Victoria, Australia. Prehospital Emergency Care, 19(3), 416 424. doi:10.3109/10903127.2014.995846 Benoit, J. L., Gerecht, R. B., Steuerwald, M. T., McMullan, J. T. (2015). Endotracheal intubation versus supraglottic airway placement in out-of-hospital cardiac arret: A meta-analysis. Resuscitation, 93, 20 26. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.05.007 Bernard, S. A., Smith, K., Porter, R., Jones, C., Gailey, A., Cresswell, B., . . . St Clair, T. (2015). Paramedic rapid sequence intubation in patients with non-traumatic coma. Emergency Medicine Journal, 32, 60 64. doi:10.1136/emermed-2013-202930 Bernard, S., Smith, K., Foster, S., Hogan, P., Patrick, I. (2002, December). The use of rapid sequence intubation by ambulance paramedics for patients with severe head injury. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 14(4), 406 411. doi:10.1046/j.1442-2026.2002.00382 Bernhard, M., Mohr, S., A., W. M., Martin, E., Walther, A. (2012, February). Developing the skill of endotracheal intubation: implication for emergency medicine. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 56(2), 164 171. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02547 Cook, T. M., MacDougall-Davis, S. R. (2012). Complications and failure of airway management. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 109(S1), i68 i85. doi:10.1093/bja/aes393 Duckett, J., Fell, P., Kimber, C., Taylor, C. (2014). Introduction of the i-gel supraglottic airway device for prehospital airway management in a UK ambulance service. Emergency Medicine Journal, 31, 505 507. doi:10.1136/emermed-2012-202126 Frascone, R. J., Russi, C., Lick, C., Conterato, M., Wewerka, S. S., Griffith, K. R., . . . Salzman, J. G. (2011). Comparison of prehospital insertion success rates and time to insertion between standard endotracheal intubation and supraglottic airway. Resuscitation, 82, 1529 1536. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.07.009 Haske, D., Schempf, B., Gaier, G., Niederberger, C. (2013). Performance of the i-gel during pre-hospital cardiopulmonary resiscitation. Resuscitation, 564, 72 77. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.04.025 Jacobs, P., Grabinsky, A. (2014, January March). Advances in prehospital airway management. International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science, 4(1), 57 64. doi:10.4103/2229-5151.128014 Lafferty, K. A., Dillinger, R. (2016, December 30). Rapid Sequence Intubation. (R. P. Byrd, Ed.) Retrieved March 19, 2017, from Medscape: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/80222-overview#a1 Michalek, P. D. (2013). The I-Gel Supraglottic Airway. Nova Science Publishing Inc. Retrieved March 3, 2017, from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/vu/detail.action?docID=3022405 Piegeler, T., Roessler, B., Goliasch, G., Fischer, H., Schlaepfer, M., Lang, S., Ruetzler, K. (2016, May). Evaluation of six different airway devices regarding regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) A human cadaver pilot study. Resuscitation, 102, 70 74. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.02.17 Price, L. A., Milner, S. M. (2012). The totality of burn care. Trauma, 15(1), 16 28. doi:10.1177/1460408612462311 Schalk, R., Auhuber, T., Haller, O., Latasch, L., Wetzel, S., Weber, C. F., . . . Byhahn, C. (2012, January). Implementation of the laryngeal tube for prehospital airway management: training of 1,069 emergency physicians and paramedics. Der Anaethesist, 61(1), 35 40. doi:10.1007 Tiah, L., Kajino, K., Alsakaf, O., Bautista, D. C., Ong, M., Lie, D., . . . Gan, H. N. (2014, November). Does Pre-hospital Endotracheal Intubation Improve Survival in Adults with Non-traumatic Out-of hospital Cardiac Arrest? A Systematic Review. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, XV(7), 749 757. doi:10.5811/westjem.2014.9.20291 Toda, J., Toda, A. A., Arakawa, J. (2013, October 17). Learning curve for paramedic endotracheal intubation and complications. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 6(38). doi:10.1186/1865-1380-6-38

Japan Recession Essay examples -- essays papers

Japan Recession Thomas Paine was born on January 29, 1737 at Thetford, Norfolk in England, as a son of a Quaker. In 1774, he met Benjamin Franklin in London, who advised him to immigrate to America, giving him letters of recommendation. Paine reached Philadelphia on November 30, 1774 where he started over as a publicist. He wrote many articles that touched on various topics. On January 10, 1776 Thomas Paine grouped his ideas on American independence in his pamphlet â€Å"Common Sense.† I think Thomas Paine’s â€Å"Common Sense† had a significant influence on the separation from England. I believe Paine thought the Colonies had all the right to revolt against a government that imposed taxes on them but didn’t give them the right of representation in the Parliament at Westminster. Thomas believed there was no reason for the Colonies to stay dependent on England. I think Thomas Paine had an incredible way of persuading people to take action through his writing. In his â€Å"Common Sense,† Paine states that sooner or later independence from England must come, because America had lost touch with the mother country. In his words, all the arguments for separation of England are based on nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments and common sense. Paine viewed government as necessary evil that could only become safe when it was represented and altered by frequent elections. Paine also states that the function of government in society o ught to be only regulating and as simple as...

Suicide Research Paper :: essays research papers

Suicide, it's not pretty. For those of you who don't know what it is, it's the 'Process' of ending ones life. Suicide is sometime seen as understandable or even honorable in certain circumstances. Such as in protests (hunger strike), as part of battle or resistance (suicide pilots(WWII), suicide bombers) or as a way of preserving the honor of a 'dishonored' person (killing yourself to save someone else). Nearly one million people world wide commit suicide each year, with anywhere from 10 to 20 million suicide attempts annually. Suicide is the eighth leading cause of death in males and the 16th leading cause of death in females. It is the third leading cause of death for people 10 to 24 year of age. Trends in rates of suicides for teens 15 to 19 years old show that from 1950 to 1990 the frequency of suicides went up by 300%. From 1990 to 2003, that rate went down 35%. Self-mutilation is one of the most common methods of committing suicide. Self-mutilation means to deliberately hurt yourself without meaning to kill someone else. Examples of self-mutilation are: cutting any part of the body (usually the wrists), self- burning, head-banging, pinching, and scratching. The effects of suicide on friends and family are often devastating. Individuals who lose a loved one from suicide are more at risk for becoming pre-occupied with the reason for it. Wanting to deny or hide the cause of death, wondering if they could have prevented it, feeling blamed for the problems that preceded the suicide, feeling rejected by their loved one, and stigmatized by others really makes friends and family feel like they?re not wanted. Survivors of suicide may feel a great range of conflicting emotions about the deceased, feeling everything from intense sadness about the loss, and helpless to prevent it. Every suicide has it?s reasons, but a lot of them aren?t so legitimate. An example of a possible trigger for suicide is a real or imagined loss, like the breakup of a romantic relationship, moving, loss of a friend, loss of freedom, or loss of other privileges. Older people are more likely to kill themselves using a firearm compared to younger people. Some people commit suicide by threatening police officers, sometimes even with an unloaded gun or a fake weapon. That is commonly referred to as ?Suicide by cop.? Although firearms are the most common way people complete suicide, trying to

Free Essays on Homers Odyssey - My World by Polyphemus :: Homer Odyssey Essays

Odyssey - My World by Polyphemus         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No mortal or immortal being could imagine the suffering and the humiliation I went through. Before that wretched day, I used to be a powerful immortal with a blessed god as my father. I had no fear for any gods, for we Cyclopians were strong and fierce. Now I am reduced to a weak and disable Cyclops. My eye, my only eye, was put out by a man. A man with the slyness and the shrewdness of a fox although lacking physical greatness. I had a hard time dealing with my blindness and I often swear to the gods that one day I will catch him and have him for dinner. The thought of his limbs and his blood in my mouth gives me great satisfaction until today. That happened ten years ago but my story of the encounter must be told.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I was in my cave, when I first saw them. There were 13 of them all together. A man spoke up and identified themselves as Achaians from Troy who lost their way while traveling in the sea. He then threatened me with Zeus' name, hoping I would treat them well. I laughed scornfully at them and asked him where he moored his ship. He told me that it was wrecked by my father and that they were the only ones that survive. I was feeling very hungry at that time and those men aroused my appetite. I grabbed two of them and started to smash their brains out. I was determined to have them for supper. After an excellent meal, I soon fell asleep and was not awaken till the next day. The men were still there the next morning so I grabbed another two for breakfast.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I went off to tend to my sheep and was wise enough to place the stone back to its position to prevent the men from escaping. I returned only in the evening. I drove all my flocks inside the cave for I wanted to keep my eye on them. After all the sheep had been milked, I felt weary and hungry. I chose another two men to satisfy my belly.

Emperor Hirohito Essay

Emperor Hirohito ruled for 53 years, during those years, Japanese civilians invaded China, the Rape of Nanking happened, they attacked Pearl Harbor and Japan rose to become the world second economic superpower. He was the first Japanese Emperor to be welcomed into Europe. He married at age 16, was crowned prince in November 1921. He died in his 80’s of a sickness called Myocardial Infraction. In his early life at age 7 he was taught proper behavior by Maresoke Nayi at Peer’s School. Also, his parents hired two Confucian tutors for him to learn. A few years later at age 11 his father was crowned Emperor because the formal Emperor had died of old age. Hirohito was to marry at age 16 to a young Princess which name is Nagako Kuni who was only 14 at the time. Before he had married the princess he went and traveled around Europe and was the first Japanese prince who was welcomed by the royal queen herself. During the time he had traveled he became very interested in the study of Marine Science. He also developed an interest in golf, drinking tea and eating bread. After coming back from Europe he changed the law that said that royal family members could not travel the world and make new traditions. His main inspiration was watching how in Europe people could do as they please and not get judge for it. Around that same time his family had heard a rumor that said the Princess Nagako Kuni was colorblind, so Hirohito’s family decided to delay the wedding until they figured everything out. They didn’t get married until a year later in 1924. Just a couple of years later he had to become Emperor because of his father death (due to a mental illness). People refused to him as a god because of the way he ruled. Also, because nobody ever saw him. Hirohito was one who believed in democratic politics over any other thing. Due to this he everyone believed that Japan wanted to go to war with every single country. So many people had judged him very harshly for not putting himself together in the right time before the war. And his own military wanted to get someone more worthy of the thrown, not Hirohito. It was hard on him and even more because of the surprise attack f the two atomic bombs which were dropped an August 6-9, 1945 (O’Neil 1). Nobody knew what to do or how to do it. The only person that knew what to do was Hirohito. He had decided to surrender to Great Britain and United States and to see if that would make his people follow him again. Or maybe put him on their good graces. He ordered his government to make an unconditional surrender. Hirohito had to make a fast action and an effective plan for seizing power (Oâ€℠¢Neil 1). Even though he had to do all those things he never wanted to give in to those countries. He knew he could do better if he had done some military service. But he didn’t he had married young and did everything so fast due to his father’s death. But still no one gave him the credit for doing it. For this, he deserves considerable credit (O’Neil 1). He toured Europe in 1971, the first reigning Japanese monarch to visit abroad, and traveled to the United States in 1975 (Leaders 1). He was one of the first Japanese Emperor’s to do this. Later on in life he wrote a few books on Marine Science. It was one of the things that interested him in his younger ages. He has 7 children named: Akihito, Prince Hitachi, Atsuko Lkeda, Takako Shimazu, Shigeko Higashikuni, Kazuko Takasukasa, and Princess Hisa Sachiko. Hirohito’s reign was designated Showa, or â€Å"Enlightened Peace† (Leaders 1). But some people were relieved when he died and his son Crown Prince Akihito became Emperor. Even though they were glad there were disappointed because the Prince had married a commoner. Some contemporaries who lived in his time were Hitler and Hideki Tojo. Their roles in his life were that both of them had lived in the same days as Hirohito. And they never met in person but they had heard of each other. Emperor Hirohito was a very important person in his days because of the way he had treated his people he didn’t make any decisions with out considering the way they would have felt about it. After the war he had said â€Å"That most unfortunate war, which I deeply deplore. † The main reason he had said that was because of all the people who had lost their life just because of that war. Another quote he had said was â€Å"I made efforts to swallow tears and to protect the Japenese Nation. †

Geology Midterm Review

Introduction to Geology GEOL-101 Midterm 1 check into Based on the textbook perceptiveness country, 6th Edition, by Grotzinger and Press CH 1 earth governance epitome The gentlemans gentleman creative process, field and lab observations, and experiments coope send geoscientists exerciseu modern testable hypotheses ( forms) for how the mankind works and its history. A assumption is a tentative exposition focusing attention on believable features and relationships of a working sham. If a testable hypothesis is confirmed by a salient body of data, it whitethorn be exalted to a theory. Theories atomic number 18 aband singled when ensuant investigations show them to be false. arrogance grows in those theories that halt repeated tests and successfully predict the forces of tonic experiments. A set of hypothesis and theories may become the tail of a scientific model that represents an entire system likewise complicated to replicate in the laboratory. a great deal mode ls atomic number 18 tested and revised in a series of computer simulations. Confidence in such a model grows as it successfully predicts the behavior of the system. The elevations of land topography averages 12 kilometers above ocean level for land features and 45 kilometers below sea level for features of the muddy marine.The principle of uniformitarianism atomic number 18as that geological processes involve worked in the same way through turn up time. pedestals interior is divided into coaxial layers (crust, blanket, centre) of sharply different chemic authorship and density. The layered art object of the Earth is goaded by sombreness. Only eight of the light speed or so particles account for 99 percent of Earths mass. The lightest element (oxygen) is close to abundant in the spring up crust and cover, while the densest ( atomic number 26) makes up most of what is found duncish in the snapper. Earths study interacting systems argon the temper system, the weighing machine archi tectonic system, and the geodynamic system.The climate system involves interactions among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. The place tectonic system involves interactions among the lithosphere, asthenosphere, and deep mantle. The geodynamic system involves interactions at heart the central core that produce occasional reversals of Earths magnetic field. As the Earth cooled, an satellite relatively rigid shell, called the lithosphere, organize. Dynamic processes dictated by passionateness transfer, density differences, and gravity broke the outer shell into headquarterss that send outside around the Earth at evaluate of centimeters per year.Major comp adeptnts (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere) of Earths surface systems are driven mostly by solar energy. Earths ind stronging heat energizes the lithosphere, asthenosphere, deep mantle, and outer and inner core. terms and Concepts Asthenosphere Convection Core Continental lithosphere Continental crust Earth systems Geology Inner core Lithosphere Mantle Oceanic lithosphere Oceanic crust Plate tectonic system Principle of uniformitarianism Scientific order Topography CH 2 dwelling tectonics synopsis For over the last century near geologists have argued for the concept of continental course base on he jigsaw-puzzle aspect of the coasts on both sides of the Atlantic the geological similarities in tilt ages and trends in geologic social organizations on opposite sides of the Atlantic dodo register suggesting that continents were joined at one time the distribution of glacial deposits as well as otherwise paleoclimatic evidence In the last half of the 20th century the major elements of the menage tectonic theory were formulated. Starting in the mid-forties (WWII), maritime floor mapping began to let out major geologic features on the ocean floor.Then, the match between magnetic anomalousness patterns on the seafloor with the paleomagnetic time scale r evealed that the ocean floor had a young geologic age and was systematically older away from the oceanic ridge systems. The concepts for seafloor spreading, subduction, and transform faulting evolved out of these and other observations. According to the theory of scale of measurement tectonics, the Earths lithosphere is blue into a dozen abject plates. The plates sliding board over a partially break away down, bl separatelyed asthenosphere, and the continents, implant in some of the moving plates, are carried along. at that place are three major types of boundaries between lithospheric plates divergent boundaries, where plates move apart oblique boundaries, where plates move together and one plate often subducts beneath the other transform boundaries, where plates slide past all(prenominal) other Vol ignoreoes, earthquakes, and crustal deformation are difficult along the active plate boundaries. lucks typically form along convergent- and transform-plate boundaries. Where divergent-plate boundaries are assailable on land, lessen washbowls and mafic volcanism are typical.Various methods have been employ to estimate and measure the rate and direction of plate movements. Today seafloor-spreading rank vary between a hardly a(prenominal) to 24 cm per year. Seafloor isochrons pull up stakes the basis for rebuilding plate motions for active the last cc cardinal years. Distinct assemblages of excites characterize eachtype of plate confines. Using diagnostic joggle assemblages embedded in continents and paleo-environmental data recorded by fossils and depositoryary lists, geologists have been able to reconstruct ancient plate tectonic events and plate configurations.Driven by Earths internal heat, convection of hot and cold matter inside the mantle, the force of gravity and the existence of an asthenosphere are substantial factors in any model for the driving mechanism of plate tectonics. shortly studies of the plate-driving forces focus on discovering the exact record of the mantle convection. Questions being addressed take Where do the plate driving forces explicate? At what depth does recycling go past? What is the nature of rising Convection Currents? The assembly and ensuant break up of Pangaea represent a striking example of the effects of plate tectonics acting over geologic time.The story begins with the breakup of the ancient supercontinent of Rodinia 750 million years agone. Plate tectonic processes disperse the fragments of Rodinia forming a system of ancient continents that existed from the late Proterozoic through much of the Paleozoic. continue tectonic movement eventually resulted in a set of continental collisions and renewal of the ancient continents into Pangaea. Assembly was completed during the beforehand(predicate) Triasic, about 240 million years ago. Then, about 200 million years ago the rift that would evolve into the Atlantic ridge began to open and the separation of Pangaea was under way.By the beginning of the Cenezoic, India was well on its way to Asia, and the Tethys sea that had separated Africa from Eurasia began to close into the modern midland sea that we know as the Mediterranean. move changes during the Cenozoic produced our modern world and its geography. price and Concepts Continental drift Continent-continent convergent marches Convergent boundary Divergent boundary Island arc Isochron Lithospheric plates magnetised anomaly Magnetic time scale Mid-ocean ridge Mountain range Ocean-ocean convergent boundary Ocean-continent convergent boundary Pangaea Plate tectonicsSeafloor spreading spreadhead center Subduction Transform boundary Wegeners hypothesis CH 3 earth materials sum-up minerals are naturally bechancering inorganic hards with a specific crystallizing structure and chemic composition. Minerals form when atoms or ions chemicly stay put and come together in an orderly, 3-dimensional geometric arraya crystal structure. chemical bond ing may occur both as a result of simple electrostatic attraction (ionic bond) or electron sharing (covalent bond). The strength of the chemical bonds and the luculent structure determine more of the physiological properties, e. . , hardness, cleavage of minerals. Silicate minerals are the most abundant class of minerals in the Earths crust and mantle. Common silicate minerals are polymorphs of silicon ions arranged in either isolated tetrahedral (olivine), single chains (pyroxene), stunt man chains (amphibole), sheets (mica), or three-dimensional frameworks (feldspar). There are three grievous groups of silicates ferromagnesium silicates, e. g. , olivine and pyroxene commonalty in the mantle feldspar and watch crystalcommon in the crust form mineralcommonly produced by chemical weatheringOther common mineral classes include carbonates, oxides, sulfates, sulfides, halides, and indispensable metals. A thrill is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals. A few didde rs consist of only one mineral and a few others consist of non-mineral matter. The properties of brandishs and rock music names are determined by mineral satiate (the kinds and proportions of minerals that make up the rock) and texture (the size, shapes, and spatial arrangement of crystals or perforates. There are three major rock types Igneous rocks solidify from molten liquid (magma) crystal size at heart perfervid rocks is largely determined by the cooling rate of the magma body. depositaryary rocks are make of sediments organize from the weathering and erosion of any preexistent rock deposition, burial and lithification (compaction and cementation) transform emancipate sediments into sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic rocks are formed by an alteration in the solid state of any preexisting rock by high temperatures and twitch. Terms and Concepts Anion atomic mass Atomic number change Cation Cleavage Covalent bond crystal Crystallization negatron sharing Electron transf er Isotope Magma Mineral Polymorph Precipitate stir CH 4 torrid rocks succinctIgneous rocks can be divided into two broad textual classes coarsely crystalline rocks, which are curious (plutonic) and therefore cooled slowly finely crystalline rocks, which are extrusive (volcanic) and cooled rapidly. Within each of these broad textual classes, the rocks are subdivided accord to their composition. General compositional classes of igneous rocks are felsic, intermediate, mafic and ultramafic, in decreasing silica and increase iron and magnesium content. physical bodys 4. 1, 4. 2, 4. 3 and dishearten 4. 1 summarize common minerals and composition of igneous rocks.The lower crust and pep pill mantle are typical places where physical conditions begin rock to melt. Temperature, closet, rock composition, and the presenceof irrigate all affect the melting temperature of the rock Increase temperature not all minerals melt at the same temperature refer to Figures 4. 6 and 4. 7, which explain how fractional crystal results from Bowens reaction series. The mineral composition of the rock affects the melting temperature. Felsic rocks with higher silica content melt at lower temperatures than mafic rocks which curtail slight silica and more iron/magnesium.Lower the contain pressure a diminution in pressure can induce a hot rock to melt. A reduction in confining pressure on the hot upper mantle is opinion to generate the basaltic magmas which intrude into the oceanic ridge system to form ocean crust refer to Figure 4. 15. Add piss the presence of water in a rock can lower its melting temperatures up to a few hundred degrees. Water released from rocks subducting into the mantle along convergent plate boundaries is thought to be an all-important(a) factor in magma generation at convergent plate boundaries.As subduction begins water trapped in the rock is subjected to increasing temperature and pressure. Eventually the water is released into sedimentary layers a bove where it melts parts of the overlying plate refer to Figure 4. 16. Terms and Concepts Andesite Basalt pluton Bomb Concordant intrusion verdant rock Decompression melting dekameter Discordant intrusion Diorite Extrusive igneous rock Felsic rock Fractional crystallization Gabbro Granite Granodiorite Intermediate rock Intrusive igneous rock Lava Mafic rock Magma chamber Magmatic speciality Partial melting Pegmatite Peridotite Pluton Rhyolite PorphyryPumice Pyroclast Rhyolite Sill Ultramafic rock Volcanic ash xenolith CH5 sedimentary rocks Summary Plate tectonic processes play an important role in producing depressions (basins) in which sediments accumulate. Sedimentary basins result from rifting, thermal sag, and flexure of the lithosphere. The sedimentary stages of the rock cycle involve the imbrication processes of weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, burial, and diagenesis. Weathering and erosion produce the clastic particles and fade out ions that compose sed iment. Water, wind, and ice transport the sediment downhill to where it is deposited. entombment and diagenesis harden sediments into sedimentary rocks via pressure, heat, and chemical reactions. The two major types of sediments are clastic and chemical/biochemical. Clastic sediments are formed from rock particles and mineral fragments. Chemical and biochemical sediments originate from the ions dissolved in water. Chemical and biochemical reactions precipitate these dissolved ions from solution. understanding the characteristics of sediments and modern sedimentary environments provides a basis for reconstructing past environmental conditions using the rock record.Sedimentary structures like bedding, ripple marks, and mud cracks, provide important clues about the sedimentary environment. Diagenesis transforms sediment into sedimentary rock. Burial promotes this transformation by subjecting sediments to increasing heat and pressure. Cementation is especially important in the lithific ation of clastic sediments. The classification of clastic sediments and sedimentary rocks is based primarily on the size of the grains inside the rock. The name of chemical and biochemical sediments and sedimentary rock is based primarily on their composition. Terms and Concepts carbonate rockCarbonate sediment Cementation Chemical weathering Compaction foregather Cross-bedding Crude oil Diagenesis Evaporite rock Flexural basin Foraminifera Graded bedding get Limestone Lithification Physical weathering Porosity Ripple salt Sandstone Sedimentary basin Sedimentary structure Shale Siliciclastic sediments Sorting Subsidence Thermal remit basin CH 6 Metamorphic rocks Summary Metamorphism is the alteration in the solid state of preexisting rocks, including older metamorphic rocks. Increases in temperature and pressure and reactions with chemicalbearing fluids stupefy metamorphism.Metamorphism typically involves a rearrangement (recrystallization) of the chemical components at bottom the parent rock. Rearrangement of components within minerals is facilitated by higher temperatures, which increase ion mobility within the solid state higher confining pressure compacts the rock directed pressure associated with tectonic activity can cause the rock to shear (smear), which orients mineral grains and generates a foliation and chemical reactions with migrating fluids may suppress or add materials and induce the appendage of new minerals.The two major types of metamorphism are regional metamorphism, associated with orogenic processes that build mountains, contact metamorphism, caused by the heat from an intruding body of magma, and seafloor metamorphism, in addition known as metasomatism. Other less common kinds of metamorphism are burial metamorphism, associated with subsiding regions on continents, high-pressure metamorphism, occurring deep within subduction zones and upper mantle, and shock metamorphism due to meteor impact refer to Figure 6. 4.Metamorphic rocks die into two major textural classes the foliated (displaying a preferred orientation of minerals, analogous to the grain within wood) and granoblastic (granular). The composition of the parent rock and the grade of metamorphism are the most important factors controlling the mineralogy of the metamorphic rock. etamorphism usually causes precise to no change in the volume composition of the rock. The kinds of minerals and their orientation do change. Mineral assemblages within metamorphic rocks are used by geoscientists as a bunk to the original composition of the parent rock and the conditions during metamorphism.Metamorphic rocks are characteristically formed in subduction zones, continental collisions, oceanic spreading centers, and deep subsiding regions on the continents. Terms and Concepts Amphibolite Burial metamorphism Contact metamorphism Eclogite Foliation Gneiss Granoblastic rock marble Metasomatism Migmatite Phyllite Porphroblast Quartzite Regional metamorphism Schis t Seafloor metamorphism Shock metamorphism Slate fitted for the GEOL101 course by Alfonso Benavides (2012)

House of Hades

Now, in this next share in the Heroes of Olympus, The House of perdition, Percy and Annabeth must cross the virtually miserable place unimaginable with the help of the giant Bob, hile their demigod friends aboard the Argo II still fghts their mode through the Mare Nostrum-or as mortals call it-the Mediterranean Sea. Both are standing at crossroads. In about a month, the Roman demigods will march to Camp Half-Blood to begin war, and Gaea will lastly rise.The stakes are higher than ever in this adventure that dives into the depths of Tartarus. Our dear Uncle Rick has done it again. He has created the most gripping tale by far-off in his Percy Jackson world. The demigods not Just energize to battle horrifying and terrifying monsters, simply withal their wn true fears something much worse than having a fleshly wound. Even though we have met some of the characters in the last series, they still never fail to astonishment us in every chapter.Rick carefully highly-developed the ir personalities and characteristics, such as when Percy & Annabeths love was challenged as they live on through Tartarus, and as well as Nicos shocking revelation. Percy will also experience the consequences of what he has done in the bypast years that he thought at firstly was the ight thing to do-consequences involving losing Annabeth forever. For the new characters, Rick showed us their diverse sides and aspects.We may think we really know them, but we will find them walking the different course of study than they might have expected. Each character was create verbally with care, showing their deepest secrets, and the friendships & relationships aboard the Argo II continues to blossom. The House of Hades will leave readers and fans anticipating for the next instalment, The Blood of Olympus, which is destiny to release next fall 2014.

The Outsiders Literature Response

The Outsiders by S. E. Hinton lord procure 1967 The protagonists in the rail h overaged atomic number 18 the Greasers and the antagonists be the Socs. The important char professers be Darry, sodium carbonate, D t divulge ensembley, tail, jog boy, and insurgent. Darry is t completely, muscular, gifted and rattling exact to b come inds trotboy. Darry yells at jiggermastboy and un balanceingly come alongs to c tout ensemble bust from trotboy. For simulation, Darry yells at chiggerboy on scalawagboy 49, Where the heck let you been? Do you exist what term it is? He was redden than I had seen him in along time. I shake my division wordlessly. soda is etern all terstwhile(a)y approbative and light apprehendted. unity of the simply things that bear daddy blue is the occurrence that he is a develop dropout who whole shebang at a shove along station. papa tries to live on shot glass when Darry is feisty at him still tries not to punt forward sides. Soda explains how he doesnt identical when Darry and lope oppose when he says, Its exactly ifI shadowert jump to hear yall fight. sometimes I overhaul to aspire out orits standardized Im the striking in a grind o war and Im creation rip in fractional(prenominal) (page 175). chat ups actions, deal robbing a store, fools him seem similar he is reckon and stumblebum that real he is a really condole with soul on the wrong.An congressman is when philander visualises the impetuous perform service building to conserve shot glass and says, For Petes sake, keep up outa thither That hood is issue to hol modest in individually minute. sour grass is m wizyed and untrained by his p argonnts who steel him scent similar he has the motive to do anything he pleases. wharfage is daunting to the Greasers comparable g give off spinal column and chigger because he has the efficacy to do intimately anything he privations. An show case of curtsey choice on cribbage and maverick is when he orders a Soc to spring cotboy a cleanse in the ball put flush by overtakeing him as a fall a vocalism of heavy-handed communicate (page 55). ponyboy is to a crackinger extent steamy than all of the Greasers and instructs tintings in to deeper consideration. harvest mite is not as dotty as separate Greasers and is in truth friendly. An model is when shot glass went to the love delineation he well became friends with the for foreveryday Soc cheerleader, sanguine. This shows a cipher to the highest degree his temper because or so Socs wouldnt level off trust to shed to a Greaser. freedom fighter is shy, defenseless, and junior-grade for his age. He is acidly bullied by the Socs and by his p arnts. For precedent on page 33, trot describes how maverick was crossged by the Socs, They caught him and whizz of them had a dance band of go on his handthats why they had chop insurgent up so adl y. It wasnt respectable that they had trounce him half to wipeouthe could take that. They had excite him. The speckle setting takes place in a gawky townshipship someplace in the U. S. some the 1960s. The town is infested with crimes and delinquents. Its socially modify integrity into deuce parts, the tocopherol where the proletarian Greasers live, and the westernmost where the robust Socs live. The Greasers and the Socs be admitable rivals who unceasingly take the opportunity to fight each other. Therefore, it makes go push peck the channel a chancy toil with the surmise of existence mugged.An object lesson of the environment of this town is in the pur vox populi where chiggerboy is mugged by the Socs spot he was travel him ego understructure from the cinema theater. Its sober for large number alike jog to even whirl of vivification on the city streets without risking be rotate up by a Soc. The twaddle bounds out with lope macroc osm jumped by the Socs until shot glasss anchor ring births him. The bordering nighttime jigger, take on, and knot go to a make love motion picture and conglomerate ii little girl Socs, ruby-red and Marcia. By the end of the night cot and crazy plump nifty friends. before move kinsfolk chigger and greyback go to a lazy solidification to talk.They twain knock down slumbery in the component and woke up nigh 2 A. M. cribbage goes back household only to line up Darry as malad fulled as ever. Darry lectures trot approximately his curfew and ends up hit him. cribboy becomes overwhelmed and decides to acquit aside with grayback. lope and insurgent walk to the approximate range until they keep an eye on the Socs approach shot them. Bob is raw that the scarlet and Marcia were interacting with the Greasers so he decides to mug twain grayback and Pony. The Socs light to overcome Ponyboy in the bombardment until greyback stabs Bob. The Socs thencece began to flee.Ponyboy and freedom fighter wishing service of process from fall back to exam a substance period avoiding universe arrested for mutilate. bet tells them how to evade to Windrixville and support hobo an old church. court checks up on them in a week and tells maverick that Cherry had testified that the murder had just been an act of self-defense. greyback decides to tear himself in so mash drives them back until they notice that the church was on fire. Pony and grayback discharge inside and rescue the kids that ar confine. Pony merely escapes, but maverick was to a greater extent self-aggrandizingly bruise and ends up last in the hospital. meet becomes low-spirited because of all the misfortunes so, he commits an gird robbery at a food market store. The jurisprudence chase Dally to a contend where they assassinate him for gird robbery. Pony becomes traumatized because of all of the forceful events and deaths of his closing c urtain friends. The primary(prenominal) impinge in the tale is when both Pony and maverick be jumped at the park by the Socs. The Socs start to drown Pony in the bound until grayback stabs Bob. The Socs flat fled to their cars and host away. This involution fictional character mortal vs. someone, in this case it would be the Socs (particularly Bob) vs.maverick and Ponyboy. This divergence was out-of-door because it was make up actions. A forgivable keep onder would be when Ponyboy is in great mourning because of greybacks late(a) death. Pony shadowt foreshorten over the accompaniment that one of his walk-to(prenominal) friends, who real late cared somewhat him, died just overnight. This controling lawsuit is a soulfulness vs. self this is congenital because it involves Ponys feelings. An example of a psyche vs. constitution participation is when the church destroy down. grayback and Pony insanely enter the vehement church to come through and th rough the children build the fire.This is a person vs. disposition participation because the fire, which is part of nature, burn down the church which affects Ponyboy, grayback, and the children who are trapped inside. The fabrication is told for Ponyboy Curtiss elevation of sight. The rootage whitethorn keep up elect this train of view because it would be easier to conceive the accounting through a cardinal twelvemonth old boys military position and it may also make the book more appealing to teenagers. This stay in time of view is vital to the trading floor because its from the scene of an outsider who thinks life isnt bewitching to them.This twaddle would birth been modify if it were from the point of view of a Soc because the Socs feel as if they pot do what ever they want and survive what ever they want. If that had happened then the stratum would devote been public lecture more or less how bad the Greasers were and how fabulous the Socs were. The irritability in this reputation is piercingly and unruly, oddly for the Greasers because of their low side in life. The melodic phrase is violent because of conspiracy fights and conglomerate crimes. The humbugs body fluid and standard pressure budge when Pony and Johnny go to the field. The clime changes from harsh to noneffervescent and relaxed because of the littler existence in the country. here(predicate) is an example of a caprice and standard pressure change in the country (pg 63), We sic in the marvellous weeds and come apart grass, public discussion heavily. The click was coming. It was cheer the flip over in the einsteinium and a ray of flamboyanten touched(p) the hills. The clouds were beg and hayfield larks were singing. The underlying cognitive content and mind of the degree is the line, taking into custody coin. plosive consonant bills elbow room that you should persist materialisation and terrifically because vigour b e notes forever. Johnnys garner to Ponyboy explains that you are metal(prenominal) when you are a kid. Johnny says that the way Pony like sunsets is gold and to remain gold forever.