Ethical Perspective Essay

We all like to believe that we can work in an atmosphere where no problems would arise where we would need to contact our superiors at the job. In some places this may be the case but there are workplaces that exist where this is not always the case. When a situation is to arise, what would be the proper thing to do? Should we get HR involved or keep it at a level where we can handle things on our own. In the Ethic Games stimulation we are asked to put ourselves in the decision making process of what the right thing to do is. A manager would need to know the correct way to handle situations that occur in the workplace between all of their employees. The mysterious rose case was one of confidentiality and how to keep information private regarding the employee, Gayle, receiving rose from an unknown source. The employee that have been sending the flowers has made me aware of the situation and does not see a problem because he sees it as him bringing good cheer to someone. This situation could be a possible case of harassment on the part of the anonymous employee due to the fact that the delivery seems to create a problem for Gayle. She is concerned that someone may be trying to get her attention and she does not want that to happen, so she sees this as a problem. The problem is that I know that I cannot promise her complete confidentiality because the situation may interfere with the company policy on employee interactions. The simulation took me through a series of steps to guide me on how to look at the situation from different ethical lenses. Identifying the rights and responsibilities and results of all that are involved would be my first lenses to look at. I took different approaches than what the simulation suggested but the end result was me letting her know that she could meet with me to discuss the situation and that she should review the company handbook to give her more insight on our harassment policies and so she would understand why I could not guarantee complete confidentiality. In regards to the case of the cold feet, the second stimulation had to do with falsifying information in a report. This notion was exposed by two employee reports that seemed to conflict. Falsifying information in any type of situation would never be accepted no matter the reason. It is in no way, shape, or form showing good sources of ethical moral, especially being that this is transpiring in the workplace. As a superior I would need to speak with the source that is falsifying the material, as well as the source that discovered the conflict in the work. I would appreciate the explanation as to why the material was altered in the first place and alth ough no answer would be acceptable, I would still like to know the reason behind such wrongdoing. As a superior of this employee I would either (depending on the circumstance) place the employee on a strict temporary probation, a suspension, or even possibly terminate them. Falsifying any type of information or data can be considered as a serious ethical issue. People do it for various reasons, but most do it because they feel as though it would benefit the company that they work for, or cause them to receive good reviews of their progress with work and for the organization to invest in them. In my workplace, falsifying information is a big concern. I work with over a thousand different banks, credit unions, and financial organizations. All in a day’s work I am exposed to an exponential amount of data that is personal and sensitive, such as account numbers, social security numbers, address’, names, and phone numbers. If any of this information is to be compromised with, altered, or used for any personal reasons would immediately result in termination. We want to have a personal relationship filled with trust for each and every one of our consumers. This effect will make each consumer feel comfortable and safe doing business with us, as well as keeping the company flowing in a positive manner. In closing, I have found that the two simulations that I have analyzed can be utilized to guide someone in actual real life situations. For any person in a managerial position, I am sure that making decisions like this in these particular situations would be difficult, and it usually takes a strong person to come to the right decisions that they believe is in the best interest of the company. Decisions are made daily to what the right thing to do in all situations, the business world does not a pass just because those decisions may not be what is best for the business. References EthicsGame.com, LLC. (n.d.). The Ethics Game: The Mysterious Rose and The Cold Feet [Multimedia]. Retrieved from EthicsGame.com, LLC, ETH 316 website.

Lady macbeth being disturbed Essay

The authors of Macbeth and The laboratory also have different ways of portraying their characters to be disturbed. One way they do this is that one of the characters feel guilt whereas the other finds some sort of joy from what she is doing. One way Shakespeare highlights Lady Macbeth to be disturbed is in Act 5 Scene 1. This is when Lady Macbeth says â€Å"The smell of blood is still there. All the perfumes of Arabia cannot sweeten this little hand† This quote is very important in unveiling the difference between Lady Macbeth and the narrator of the laboratory. The hyperbole â€Å" all the perfumes of Arabia cannot sweeten this little hand† informs the reader that lady Macbeth believes that what she has done is irreversible and now is casted in iron, she is now coming to her sense and becoming more human like by feeling some sort of guilt, we know this as she is certain that â€Å"all the perfumes of Arabia† cannot take this guilt away, Shakespeare is also using â€Å"the smell of blood â€Å" as a metaphor to educate the reader that lady Macbeth is now talking about the guilt she has bottled up within her and now she needs to ether let someone know or kill herself, we all know at the end that she commits suicide as she buckles under the fear of guilt. In the phrase â€Å"the smell of blood† Shakespeare uses the noun blood to emphasis to the reader that she is feeling guilt, we know this as the noun â€Å"blood† implies she helped kill the king now because of this murder she has blood on her hands. Now the blood has been washed away no one can see it but herself. She is becoming crazy thinking she sees all this blood, and in scene 4 she spends her days washing her hands of the blood that is not there but has instead stained her soul. This sudden found guilt backs up the argument from the Jacobean era that women were the weaker sex, both physically, mentally and emotionally , this is why the society was so patristic. Robert Browning portrays the narrator of the poem in a different view, he makes her seem cheerful and enthusiastic about the murder she is about to commit. â€Å"Grind away, moisten and mash up thy powder – I am not in a haste! â€Å" The poet use onomatopoeia in this quote, word such as â€Å"grind†, and â€Å"mash† make the reader feel that there is a little bit of excitement in the eyes of the narrator, this then leads to the reader realising that the narrator does  not have any guilt but more of a heart made of stone. Robert Browning also stresses the non-existence of guilt found in the narrators tone by using an assonance of the vowel â€Å"o†, this enhances the poem and creates a sonic like effect. When the narrator is talking to the male apothecary she is using very strong imperative verbs such as â€Å"mash† to make it sound as if she is ordering the male apothecary around. This is against the norm of the time, as during the Victorian era women were not meant to be homebodies, this was the man’s job – women were meant to be embodiments of pure virtue, humbleness and also be submissive. The narrator was completely different and was doing what a man should do.

Unrequited Love

Unrequited love is a love that is not openly reciprocated. The one who is adored may or may not be aware of his/her admirer’s romantic affections. They also may ignore their admirer out of lack of interest or the presence of another lover. â€Å"Let no one who loves be called altogether unhappy. Even love unreturned has its rainbow† (J. M. Barrine, The Little Minister). This certain type of love has been depicted as an unselfish and uncomplaining willingness to accept suffering and humility.Psychiatrist, Eric Berne, considered that ‘†the man who is loved by a woman is lucky indeed, but the one to be envied is he who loves, however little he gets in return†. Some may see this as a negative, and while it does have negative effects, it also shows such selflessness. A quality many people in our society now lack is compassion, love, and understanding. It is truly a quality that is envied by others. Some may think, â€Å"How is it possible to love someone w ho does not even know you exist? , well that just goes to show how much they invest in caring for other people no matter what benefits they will receive. However, there are also negative effects of an unrequited love. Research suggests that some negative emotions the rejector feel are emotions such as: anxiety, frustration, and guilt. Founding father of psychoanalysis, Freud, pointed out that â€Å"when a woman sues for love, to reject and refuse is a distressing part for a man to play†. He is basically stating that it causes the suitor, male or female, pain and agony to reject their admirer.Now in most cases the unrequited lover usually always retain some hope that he/she will change their mind one day, however, the rejector's outcomes or effects are predominantly all harmful to their well-being. While the beloved suffer from negative effects, so do the admirer’s, and they are much more harmful. If the unrequited lover has trouble expressing their emotional needs it m ay lead to feelings such as depression, low self-esteem, envy or jealousy towards the beloved, anxiety and rapid mood swings between depression and extreme happiness.We constantly see examples of unrequited love today in movies, books and songs. They all often portray the positive effects once the rejector comes to his or her senses and decides to be with the admirer. However, this is not always the case; In fact, most of the time the admirer never gets the satisfaction of having a relationship with their love. Although, with positive examples like this it makes it easy to understand why the admirer persists after facing rejection.It is all because of the hope they continue to have. In terms of the feelings of the hopeful one, they feel about the same amount of pain as does someone who is going through the breakup of a romantic relationship without ever having had the benefit of being in that relationship. While some may say the negative effects of an unrequited love outweigh the po sitive effects, the unrequited lover posses one of the most important characteristics, which is selflessness.

International relation discussion 2 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International relation discussion 2 - Article Example The governments of countries are supposed to provide an infrastructure for economic and social development. The problem with this premise is that many governments across the world lack the resources to provide these services to the general public. The sovereignty that the government once held over the population is not as strong as in the past due to the influence of the private sector. I do not believe that multinational corporations pose a threat to the state sovereignty due the fact that the private industry is helping the government fulfill its social function inadvertently through its economic activity in the marketplace. These corporations donate a lot of money and resources to help battle social problems such as hunger, disease, and poor educational infrastructure. Their contributions are performed without an added cost towards the government. Multinational corporations benefit from establishing good relationship with the government of countries by obtaining economic incentive s in order to reduce labor cost, lowering taxes, and provide financing for capital projects. Private corporations and governmental institutions benefit when they cooperate and work in alliance in order to provide maximum benefit to the general public Define "Unipolarity" and comment on the role of the US as a hegemonic power that might affect world stability.

Writing a thesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing a thesis - Essay Example The difference comes about when some definitions refer to euthanasia as the act that allows the physician to deliberately end a terminally ill patient’s life in order to avoid unnecessary suffering and pain (NHS 2013). When the two definitions are compared, there is a small difference between them. However, whether one will call it assisted suicide or euthanasia, the end result for both of the acts is that, they both assist a terminally ill person to commit suicide and take away their lives. This paper is therefore aimed at supporting and stating the reasons why I take the position that, assisted suicide should be allowed. Many a times, we suffer from ‘diseases’ of life that we already know cannot be cured such as life at old age. Sometimes we end up being bedridden in a lot of sufferings and pain for so many years even after having been confirmed to by the doctors that we cannot recover from our illness and we wouldn’t get out of our situation unless we die. People have been involved into fatal accidents that have resulted in the victims losing certain fundamental organs of their body, hence remaining into conditions of surviving through assisted life care. Such assistance normally do not last for long, and the doctors normally already have the information about the situation and already know that the victims will die sooner or later, but after a lot of sufferings and pain. Some patients, normally after knowing their health conditions are those that would not bring them back to life, but only full of sufferings in the hospitals or at home, go ahead to sign a life ending note that states to the doctor in-charge of their health condition to assist them terminate their lives and avoid suffering and pain if the reality of the situation is that they wouldn’t get well again. This is normally an act that is done to them after they have given up in life, and

Are women full citizens If not, what might they require in order to Essay

Are women full citizens If not, what might they require in order to become so - Essay Example Feminist women scholars have been time and again pointed out by fuming mass of religious men as heretic and rebels who need to be stopped before they overtake the society with their cunning charms. An example of this is the unusual act of Dr. Amina Wadud who in an attempt to garner the Muslim women’s rights to full citizenship and to be an active participant in the ritual of public player, made the decision to lead men and women during prayer in New York City causing huge uproar from the Muslim scholars. She was labeled as a highly hostile and controversial scholar by Muslim men around the world which suggests that access to rights equivalent to men is an ongoing battle for women. However, this is not an issue confined to the Muslim society because many Jewish women holding Tefillah groups and eager to play the role of active participants in the formal ritual of Jewish prayers have also been vigorously criticized and unappreciated in the Jewish world. This shows that constitut ional culture in the US has encouraged the Muslim and Jewish women to explore their religious law and â€Å"open it to principles of gender equality†.... However, this is not an issue confined to the Muslim society because many Jewish women holding Tefillah groups and eager to play the role of active participants in the formal ritual of Jewish prayers have also been vigorously criticized and unappreciated in the Jewish world. This shows that constitutional culture in the US has encouraged the Muslim and Jewish women to explore their religious law and â€Å"open it to principles of gender equality† (Lahav 2009). It is absolutely horrid that many acts of these women who anxiously struggle for full citizenship are met with giant waves of mercilessness and evil plots both in the religious communities and contemporary settings. Women’s liberation and citizenship is not just an issue of the conservative states because research also cites that â€Å"contemporary American cities actually contain many injustices† (Young 2011: 13). Research literature suggests that throughout most of human history, women from different clas ses, ethnicities, races, and religions were and continue to be denied state citizenship due to multiple reasons. Within UK, â€Å"the dominance of a Catholic ideology firmly placing women in the home† (Thane & Breitenbach 2010: 3) led to male dominance and exclusion of women as full citizens until the 1960s. However, movements like the right-to-work movement beginning in the twentieth century coupled with changes in the Western capitalism and the trends of multinational corporations have effectively worked to bring down many formal barriers and have ended this exclusion in many societies. Still, citizenship is one of many social practices in which gender segregation is â€Å"ancient and stubbornly persistent† (Friedman 2005: 4). Not only the political rights

Depictions of a decision tree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Depictions of a decision tree - Essay Example Overall incidence rates reported in 2011, per 100,000 populations are as follows: Due to my chosen reported symptoms and recorded parameters regarding doctor’s findings regarding Leukemia in children, it is important to note that childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children, representing 23% of cancer diagnoses among children who are younger than 15 years of age. ALL occurs in about one of every 29,000 children in the United States each year, and that for AML is about 11000 leukemia cases annually. Approximately, 700 cases of AML occur in people under the age of 20 each year. Due to this aspect pertaining the disease, it is critical to identify this when breaking down statistical data viewing of the group ‘leukemia’ as a whole (Else, Ruchlemer, & Osuji, 2005). It is also important to know the background information pertaining to Leukemia, with regards to race/ethnicity, since the data used involved multiple races and ethnic groups. Leukemia death rate was 7.6 per 100,000 men and women annually. To come up with these rates, people who died in 1998-2002 in the United States were analyzed. The table bellow shows the death rates in accordance to race and gender. Thus, Leukemia in 1st world countries like the US, has an approximate base rate occurrence of 1/10,000 children under the age of 15. Some of the risk factors for leukemia in children include the following: The most known symptoms pertain such things as looking pale, bleeding /bruising easily, regular cases of fever, shortness of breath especially after a small physical activity, and recurrent infections. Examination to identify this disease has a false affirmative toll of 5%– that is, 5% of the time that it says a child has the disease is false. Thus, the false negative rate is 0%– the test correctly diagnoses every child who does have the disease (Gribben, 2008). Despite the test being precise more than 90% of the time, it

Creating the report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creating the report - Research Paper Example The following policies are vital: Password policy of networking devices and hosts, wireless network security policy, Anti-Virus security policy and physical security policy. The network support staff or administration must monitor and maintain a firewall between the network that connects the production functions, processes and operations from the laboratory network or network appliance / equipment / device (Frye, 2007). The network support staff or administration must be entitled to have full rights for interrupting network connections of the laboratory that may impose impact or security risk on processes, functions and operation on the production network (Frye, 2007). The network traffic between the organization and the other networks will be transmitted via a firewall monitored and maintained by the support staff. However, in case of a wireless network transmission, connection to other networks of the organization will be

Jencos Information System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Jencos Information System - Assignment Example Diversifications into other businesses are very important for business continuity and should be taken care really well to fetch more customers and provide them better and allied services for retention and indirect marketing. Most importantly the services can be rendered to a large variety of customers across a geographical region with B2B and B2C models. The feedback system can also be added so that future caterings can be handled better. The total sales and profit can be easily captured and produced to management with ease reducing a lot of manual operations. Why is it necessary for the organisation to become an e-business The reasons for converting 'bricks and mortars' into 'click and mortars' is as follows: 1. The visibility is improved which means more people get to know about it and often want to try it out for a change. Even if 10% of the people try it out in UK, it will generate huge sales. 2. The e-marketing helps to let people know about its various services it caters. 3. The business can spread in diverse fields so as to provide ancillary services to the customers along with grocery items so that they get served better. Helps for greater retention. 4. The supply chain management is better rendered through e-business. 5. People can access the online store at their convenience and make payment through loyalty card it wishes to introduce. What technology/systems can support good customer/supplier relations It is increasingly important to maintain good supplier and customer relations for business continuity and long term survival. Jencos have built their reputation from customers and need to continue doing the great job. The Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems could be used to track the... Diversifications into other businesses are very important for business continuity and should be taken care really well to fetch more customers and provide them better and allied services for retention and indirect marketing. The Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems could be used to track the production, procurement and logistics processes to supply goods and services from their source to final delivery to the customer. (Laudon, 2002) It eyes on Tesco which is an online grocery store and delivery service selling computers and furniture's, house dcor, entertainment stuff like DVD's and others and books, finance and insurance, phones and broadband services, flowers and other accessories. Tesco also provides a Tesco Clubcard for earning points on purchases where Jencos wants to introduce loyalty card. It also desires to get close to Sainsburys another supermarket giant which caters a lot of services besides grocery. It also incorporates a forum which puts across many interesting blog which a customer can participate and also acts like feedback, precisely a business strategy by the company. Creating a good market in other items than grocery will not be easier as others have already created the space really well.

Research paper on emily dickinson with some analysis of her work Essay

Research paper on emily dickinson with some analysis of her work - Essay Example Her poems were marked by very close descriptions of inspirational moments, and moments of happiness. Most of here poems centered around ideas of death and immortality. Her works received severe criticism in the late 19th and early 20th century, but she is now considered as a major American poet by most (Bloom, 9). Before 1861: Only five poems have been dated to be written before 1858 (Pickard, 20). These are more conventional in nature than her later works, and are based on subjects like valentines, her feared of loss of friendship, her missing of her brother. Dickinson’s work showcases her artistic prowess and is centered around a variety of themes. She is often regarded as a transcendentalist as she was deeply inspired by works of Emerson. Her poems had a very intelligent usage of humor, sarcasm, irony, and satire (Wolff, 171). Some of the major themes that can be seen her works include: Morbidity: This theme of her characterized by her interest with topics like illness, dying and death. Her poems describe death by many methods: drowning, hanging, suffocation, premature burial, stabbing and so on. Her sharpest work came in the form of â€Å"death blow from the GOD† and â€Å"funeral in the brain†. These works reflect the starving characteristic of her personality. Her most complex work is based on the principle of death of self because of the loss of hunger for life. Flowers and gardens: Poems written in the early period of her life were characterized by an intelligent blending of her poetry with a bouquet. Farr (1-7) notes that she associates some flowers like the gentians and anemones to youth and humility; while others with prudence and insight. Examples of such work by her include: "My nosegays are for Captives –  / Dim – long expectant eyes –  / Fingers denied the plucking,  / Patient till Paradise –  / To such, if they shd

Cross-Cultural Interview Essay Example for Free

Cross-Cultural Interview Essay The cultural heritage is the things, places and practices that define who we are as individuals, as communities, as nations or civilizations and as a species. It is that which we want to keep, share and pass on. 1. Interview a person form a different cultural heritage and gather information on the following areas. a. With which ethnic / racial / cultural group does this person Identify?ANSWER: The person that I chose to interview is Mrs. Chambers. Mrs. Chambers is identified with the cultural and racial group known as African American or Black. This identity is also traditionally traced back to the beginning of the United States of America Historical Roots of people identified from Africa. b. Which areas of the person’s culture is identified with pride?ANSWER: Mrs. Chambers has an identifiable historical culture pride which includes among other things overcoming obstacles such as racial discrimination along the lines of social and economically disadvantages and discriminatory practices against her cultural heritage for over 100 years. c. What religious beliefs are central to this cultural group? ANSWER: Mrs. Chambers’s heritage generally believes that church is the key to its foundation and is of the corporate faith that God the Father has sent as a Savior of the World His only Begotten Son who is Named Jesus Christ. The cultural group also recognizes several other denominational and religious groups whose primary beliefs are similar to Mrs. Chambers, such as Baptist, Holiness, Pentecostal, Methodist, and several other denominational and non-denominational groups throughout the world. This is known as â€Å"sheep of other fold† as well as other brothers and sisters in Christ Jesus. d. What difficulties has this person experienced because of his / her cultural tradition? ANSWER: Difficulties that Mrs. Chambers cultural group has experience as a direct result of her cultural traditions, among other things, include racial inequalities and discriminatory practices against them. Most notably are the inhuman treatment of her cultural group because of African American Traditions such as Involuntary Slavery; mistreatments such as lynching of black men, raping of black women by white masters who own the slaves and the plantations. e. What difficulties does this person experience as a result of the attitudes / behaviors of persons from other cultures?ANSWER: Mrs. Chambers has experience multiple attitudes and adverse behaviors in her cultural group not only because of her race, but also because of her gender. She has experience racial discrimination with regards to employment, promotions, and equal pay for the same type work as her white male counterpart. She has experience employment discrimination and harassment as a result of her cultural heritage and reli gious beliefs. Too many adversities regarding her ethnicity and cultural heritage to list. But time has brought about a change to the many adversities of life as a result of Mrs. Chambers cultural group. Education has played a major role in the incorporation of new attitudes and behaviors, such as cultural diversity training. f. How do people within this person’s cultural group help with personal problems? ANSWER: Mrs. Chambers’s cultural group previously believed that it was taboo to seek any types of counseling because it held the belief that it was a strong and independent cultural group that relied upon the healing hand of Jesus Christ. Therefore, it was almost unheard of for a person to seek any types of counseling for problems. After this taboo was rightfully dismissed, the cultural group sought a networking among its own cultural group but later realized that other groups may have experience similar problems who reached out to the cultural groups as a means of combating the social and economic problems within the cultural family and community. g. Under what circumstance would members of this cultural group consider counseling for personal / family problems? ANSWER: Mrs. Chambers believes that under the circumstances, members of her cultural group consider counseling for personal and family problems because of all the latest technological advancements in our society. Training and education is the key to a newly and wide acceptance of counseling. People are sincerely reaching out to professional in the field of counseling and psychology as a direct result of the advance technology and scientific studies on the subject. h. What would make counseling more attractive to this group as a means to deal with problems? ANSWER: Mrs. Chambers believes that with that latest advancements and information related to education at all levels of our society; counseling has received high marks as a direct result of its integrity and scientific research as well as proven effectiveness to our families, communities, society, and world in which we live. The result of this cross-cultural interview shows us the importance to be knowledgeable about different cultures in order to understand and appreciate them. We cannot appreciate something that we ignore. In fact, this nation is created and well defined as an immigrant nation which enriches our environment with a variety of several cultures. This interview enriched me when I decided to know a little bit more about the heritage of this African American lady who was willing to portrait openly her beliefs, values, and courage despite of her trials in life. Veronica Chambers is an overcomer woman who embraced her dreams made them reality. Through the sufferings in her life, she was able to accomplish her Master Degree in Organizational Management in Leadership. Furthermore, she has been serving the Lord all her life, and encouraging people around her; she has also accepted her calling from the Lord and now she is in the position of a pastor’s wife. In conclusion, the lack of knowledge stops people to defeat the racism, discrimination, and stereotypes in our today society. In my opinion, individuals need to be well educated in multicultural perspectives in order to create a unique and valuable environment appreciating one another. REFERENCES http://www.canberra.edu.au/centres/donald-horne/cultural-heritage/what-is

Nike Cost of Capital Essay Example for Free

Nike Cost of Capital Essay Kimi Ford a portfolio manager at NorthPoint Group which is a mutual-fund management firm, is considering to buy some shares from Nike, inc even if it’s share price had declined from the beginning of the year, for the Northpoint Large-cap fund she managed which invested mostly in Fortune 500 companies and it was doing well despite the decline in the stock market over the last 18 months. Kimi therefore surveyed the results of Nike’s fiscal-year 2001which had been revealed a week earlier. Issues that caused a decline in market sales as revealed by the management of Nike 1. Revenues since 1997 had stopped growing but remained around $9. 0 billion. 2. The net income had fallen from $800m to $580m a decline of $220 million. 3. Nike’s market share in the U. S. athletic shoe industry had fallen from 48 percent in 1997 to 42 percent in 2000 (6% decline) 4. The issue of Supply-chain and strong dollar exchange rate also affected the revenue negatively. Nike’s Strategic plan to address the above issues 1. Increase revenues by developing more athletic-shoe products in the mid-priced range. 2. Push its apparel line which had performed tremendously well. 3. Exert more expense control on the cost side. 4. Nike’s executives expressed their interest to continue with the long-term revenue growth target of 8 to 10 percent and earnings-growth targets of above 15 percent. Although the management presented its plan to improve on its performance, there were mixed reactions from the third party analysts. Kimi Ford was also not satisfied with the Nike’s analysis therefore she decided that it was necessary to develop her own discounted-cash-flow forecast. She found that Nike was overvalued at the discounted rate of 12% at its current share price of $42. 09. She also did a quick sensitivity analysis which revealed that Nike was undervalued at discounted rates below 11. 17%. In order for Kimi to make a proper investment decision for her Fund, she asked Joanna Cohen to calculate the cost of capital. However there were some problems. Cohen’s calculation of cost of capital. She used single cost of capital for the apparel and footwear lines assuming that they are sold through the same marketing and distribution channels and are often marketed in other collections of similar designs. WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) WACC is calculated using weighted averages of debt (Kd) and equity (We) Cohen used Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to calculate WACC 0f 8. 4 % however, she used the book values yet weights should be based on the market value. Her result of $3,494. 5 for the Equity was wrong. The formula for calculating the Market value of equity is E = stock Price x Number of shares outstanding .

Feminist Research Into Soap Opera Audiences

Feminist Research Into Soap Opera Audiences Feminist Research into the field of television has made a vital contribution by studying the genre of soap opera and its audiences. The understanding of the relationship that the genre share with its audiences is important in gaining knowledge about why this genre has remained such a popular form, despite the continuous criticism that has been receiving from the television critics and journalists. Feminist researchers such as Ien Ang, Dorothy Hobson, and Lesley Henderson etc focused their research of soap operas in exploring how soap opera audiences use this genre as a medium to engage into social debates and interpret the drama in their own ways. Rather than focusing on the text alone, they have elaborated on how audiences bring their perspectives in the stories. These authors have tried to put themselves in this scenario and explored the study as fans rather than just being critics. As Brunsdon(1995, p.50, cited in Henderson, 2007, p.8) notes, On the one hand, there is a perceived incompatibility between feminism and soap opera, but, on the other, it is arguably feminist interest that has transformed soap opera into a very fashionable field for academic inquiry. The aim of this essay is to out light on and the work of this feminists by analysing and exploring the key concepts such as active audiences, and breaking away from the allegory that soap opera audiences are passive watchers. The aim is also to understand why women have always been the dominant members of the soap operas. Do they enjoy this genre merely for entertainment? If no, then what understanding do they bring to soap operas? Another aspect that this essay touches upon is to critically understand whether soap opera writers lack creative ability, as people especially non soap opera viewers, often think that the storylines of such genre are dragged and over dramatized. Lastly, it touches on the social relevance that soap operas have, apart from just being considered as a source of melodrama and entertainment. Talking about television is part of the everyday work culture of both men and women (p 175). Discussing storylines in the form of gossip or debate, criticizing or applauding, sympathizing with the characters and relating to incidents that unfold in reel life with the real lives, are some of the processes through which soap opera audiences find this genre so entertaining. Breaking the myth of passive viewer One of the most crucial contributions made to the media studies by feminist researchers is the understanding of the relationship between soap operas and its audiences. The answer to the question why the soap opera is so popular lies in understanding the relationship it shares with its audiences. The effects that soap operas can possibly have on its viewers form the basis of their success or failure on television. Feminist researchers have time and again exhibited the importance of understanding the audience/text relationships. But, often soap opera audiences are stereotyped as passive viewers. As the term suggests, passive viewers are the ones who just blindly accept the information that is provided to them. There is a misconception that the members of this category do not use their own knowledge and understanding while watching the soap operas, as they are a product of fiction and fantasy. According to Hobson (2003, p.166), journalists and critic s often stereotype the soap opera audiences as easily duped mass, who fall prey to the melodramatic storylines. This assumption is stated by Seiter et al too (1997, p. 162). They add that critics feel that viewers usually turn off their brain cells while watching a programme, hence losing any critical ability to judge the merits and demerits of a soap opera. They do not understand the difference between what is real and what is fictitious. In a recent episode of BBCs Eastenders, the show tackled with the issue of cot death and baby swap. The episode was subject of a lot of debate and criticism. Viewers termed this particular storyline as awful tragic and sensationalism, especially since it was aired during the New Years time. Joyce Epstein, director of the Foundation For The Study Of Infant Deaths (FSID) was quoted in Mailonline saying, I just hope that people realise that this is fiction, this is not real life. I would hope people can view it as something that happens on screen and is not real life. Apparently, the show received around 5000 complaints about how the subject was so sensitive and the events were exaggerated. This means that the viewers were in fact critical of the subject and brought their own understanding to the topic. Another analysis of this could be that maybe viewers always have had opinions about soaps, its just that now their opinions are more visible because more and more people are using web tools and the whole issue is sometimes blown out of proportion to gain the attention. A viewers interpretation of the text could be in any form a moral argument, a social debate, a group discussion or a part of everyday gossip. Through all these means, it can be said that audiences are bringing their own experiences and opinions to the show and also add their perspectives to the stories. Soap operas depend on the audience following the stories and need their audience to be loyal and watch regularly (Hobson, 2003, p.161). This exemplifies that soap operas are constantly thriving on the support of its audience, and if the audiences discontinue their support, then soaps cannot run for a long time. According to Gillespie (1996, p.13), spending time on watching soap operas is a productive way to understand how viewers consume the text, images and narratives. This thought is also resonated by Slade, who supports the concept of active audience and asserts that viewers do not just accept a producers perspective of a particular story, add their own meaning to it through their reactions. This statement in a way contradicts the famous Hypodermic syringe model which subscribes that audiences are under the spell of media producers and that the audiences act and think according to what the media is trying to tell us, rather than putting your understanding to the media texts. Philip J. Hanes(2000) suggests that rather than understanding the audience/text relationships through effects model terming audience as passive viewers, it is important to focus on a new approach through Uses and Gratification model , as this model focuses on how audiences use and interpret media texts rather than focusing on what effects media has on the audiences. According to the model, audiences have specific needs and actively turn to the media to consume various texts to satisfy those needs (Hanes). Originally targeted towards women above the age of thirty, are shows like Desperate Housewives and Sex And The City. These are now widely popular amongst women in their twenties. Male viewers also e njoy these shows because of the glamour quotient; these viewers would otherwise avoid soap operas. Audiences are not blank sheets of paper on which media messages can be written; members of an audience will have prior attitudes and beliefs which will determine how effective media messages are (Abercrombie 1996, 140, in Hanes April 2000). In her research on audience reception of American Prime time show Dallas, Ien Ang (1985, p.26) found that each of the viewers watching the show shared an exclusive relationship with its characters and storyline. This experience or bond that they feel could be a product of their thinking, their social surroundings, and their background or depending on their social class and age group. Gender studies Why do women audience dominant this genre? As mentioned, soap operas heavily thrive on their viewers attention. And a large part of this audience is dominated by women. Because this genre deals with storylines and themes that are melodramatic, emotional, fantasy based, critics would argue that that are the reasons that soap opera producers can easily attract womens attention. But, feminists researchers believe that there are valid and important reasons as to why women love viewing these types of programmes. Undoubtedly, Soap operas are a means of entertainment, and provide the pleasure of viewing fictitious lives. Emotional realism, the fantasy world, melodrama are some of the reasons that evoke women to watch soap dramas but at the same time, it is important to note that female audiences bring a whole new meaning and knowledge to the soap opera viewing experience. One of the most exceptional qualities that women possess (as a gender) is the ability to relate and empathize with experiences. However, Ang(1985, p. 82) argues th at the fact that women love watching soaps is not so much associated with their social surroundings, especially housewives per se and that they are inclined towards a melodramatic lifestyle. Rather she points out that women are accustomed to tackle any situation psychologically, filled with a lot emotions. Hence, it becomes easier for them to identify with tragic structure of feeling inscribed in the dramas. In her work on audience reception of Crossroads, Hobson (2003, p.168) observed that women related the content of Crossroads, with their own personal lives, by relating the stories and characters with everyday lives. The problems depicted in the programme bore resemblance with the problems that they experienced. A lot Indian audiences, (again mainly women) enjoy watching soap operas because they feel that some of the situations or events in these programs teach them how to tackle family issues, since most of the dramas revolve around family lives as the main theme while rivalry, extra marital affairs, form the sub themes. Another important aspect that attracts women towards soap operas is fantasy world, which offers things and experiences that one cannot experience in real life. It acts a mode of escape from a daily routine in to the world full of possibilities. Pleasure of fantasy lies in its offering the subject an opportunity to take up positions which she could not in real life.The best example could be that contemporary soap operas such as Desperate Housewives and Sex And The City (SATC) narrate the story of women who are independent, powerful and charismatic, but at the same, they are shown to have their share of lifes struggles, and as expected they manage to work their way through domestic problems and family quarrels. For women viewers, such situations act as a means of forgetting their own personal problems by getting engrossed in such programmes. It gives them a chance to divert themselves from the pressures of their mundane life. Women form a personal bond with such characters and start im agining themselves to be like those fictitious characters. For some women, solving a domestic issue is too serious an issue, but when from a third persons point of view, they watch a TV character going through the similar situation, it tend to imagine the issue as a minor one. Moreover, apart from emotional involvement, these shows celebrate free spirited nature of womanhood by focusing attention on female friendships. In her interaction with women via group discussions on SATC, Deborah Jermyn found out that the programmes realism lay predominantly in its depiction of the womens friendships and conversation particularly within the scenes where they meet together as a group to talk.(Akass and McCabe, 2004, p.214) Moreover, the location of the show, New York, for some women, added the escapist quality to their life. However, Mary E. Brown makes a contrasting point here. She argues that soap operas usually portray women characters as passive and powerless on one hand, and sexual objects for men on the other (Brown 1990, p. 75). She gives the examples of strong and positive women characters such as Christine Cagney from Cagney and Lacey, and Maddie Hayes from Moonlighting. The former portrays the life of two strong, independent, working women living life in a modern way. Brown stresses that such positive representation of women on soaps operas act as potential role models of its female audiences. From such a perspective, it is only logical to claim one should strive to offer positive role models by supplying positive images of women. (Brown, 1990, p.83). Hobson (2003, p. 178) echoes Brown views by noting that The women characters that were seen as the most popular were those who had to struggle against the vicissitudes of life. British soap operas often are based on the topic of emotional realism. They are considered to be realistic in nature. In her discussion on English soap operas, Hobson found out that women audiences felt that the female characters in the show held strong popularity because they had the ability to cope with difficulties. Such qualities, as per Hobson are considered as admirable (Hobson 2003, p.178). Many of the characters in the series Coronation Street and Crossroads were women who themselves had to confront problems in their everyday lives, and the resolution or negotiation of these problems within the drama provided point of recognition and identification for the women viewers(167-68) Gender studies play a vital role in understanding how different members (male or female) of audiences think about a particular soap drama. It has been mentioned above how women have the ability to relate to the fiction and bring their own meanings to the soaps. Women, especially housewives who are considered as the prime targets of this genre, generally find this medium to get away from their mundane domestic life. Hence, they switch on to soap operas and watch stories of women who either have better or worse lives than theirs. It gives them a reason to escape from their own surroundings for a while. Men, on the hand, ideally prefer entertainment. They think that soap operas are dramatized beyond belief. They believe that soaps are generally slow and even a little fictitious incident in them is dragged and hyped. Moreover, they cannot be bothered to watch every episode of the show. In short, they are not brought to think emotionally as women usually do. This is an argument put forward by some theorists that identity of a soap opera viewer is inscribed in the soap itself. Soap operas identity is most dominant by women viewers. The competences necessary for reading soap opera are most likely to have been acquired by those persons culturally constructed through discourses of femininity. (Morley, 1992, p.129 cited in Chandler, 1994). Death of creative writing? Due to the qualities that soap operas inherit: exaggerated storylines, melodramatic imagination, tragic structure of feeling, emotional realism, escapism, it is often assumed that they tend to lack creativity and originality in terms of writing. In the recent years, there has been an increase in number of soap operas that are being produced. This might give television critics a reason to think that soap operas have nothing new to offer to its audiences, except stretched storylines and themes. This genre is originally meant to provide entertainment and the reason that it is successful in doing so, is because its audience loves it. They love being a part of writers fictitious world and then, also have the advantage of bringing their own endings or beginnings to these soaps. Moreover, it should be noted that the makers of such soap operas often take examples from real life events and situations and then play them out by adding drama and fiction to it. More importantly, the issues that formed the basis of stories were those which were important and relevant at the time when they were conceived and had a place within the planned storylines (Hobson 2003, p. 201). Since, they cater to a vast amount of audiences, it is impossible to the soap producers to not be reflective and not tackle the everyday issues. In a recent episode of BBCs Eastenders, the show tackled with the issue of cot death and baby swap. The episode was subject of a lot of debate and criticism. Viewers termed this particular storyline as awful tragic and sensationalism, especially since it was aired during the New Years time. The example that is previously mentioned about Eastenders, also to a certain extent implies that soap opera storylines do take instances from real life events. Another quote by Joyce Epstein, (FSID) saying, I would hope people can view it as something that happens on screen and is not real life. However, she did say that, But cot death does happe n (Thompson, 2011). This shows that scriptwriters do take instances from real life or issues that affect people and played them out on screen. Rather than saying that soap opera writers lack creativity, it should be said that they possess reflectivity, the tendency to reflect their views through dramas, while keeping in mind its relevance. As Henderson notes, Creeber challenges the perception of a decline in quality programming and argues that we should not lament the death of the single play but should instead celebrate the generic hybridity of television drama (Creeber, 2004, p.15, cited in Henderson, 2007, p.15). A T.V drama writer has the whole world of imagination to choose from, (Henderson, 2007, p. 9). They have the gift to experiment with the storylines, introduce new characters from time to time, bring mini climaxes and dramatize cliff hanging moments. The Eastender example manage to grab the eye balls apart from becoming a topic of debate, and both these points work in the favour of the show, because it keeps the audiences hooked and possibly also get the attention of viewers who are not regular watchers. According to Henderson, 2007 (p. 168), the production team behind the working of soap operas most often bring their own experiences to the show, hence acting as surrogate audience. Hendersons thoughts are echoed by Hobson as well. Hobson argues that the biggest advantage soap operas have as compared to other genres is that this genre has the scope to engage the audiences by exploring the events based on daily lives. Soap opera writers stay true to their audiences by showing their high creative ability to adapt real life situations rather than manipulate them. The repetitive nature of soaps, with its core of established characters, may also allow a level of identification and empathy which is impossible to replicate in other fictional forms. (For example, the single play) p 174 h) Ang states a rather different view on this. She asserts that exaggerated plots and themes function as metaphors for lifes torments.(Ang, 1982, p.63) She adds that this should mean that there is a lack of creativity or originality in the soap operas as critics who opine this ignores the structural function that lays this genre. The repetitive nature of soaps acts as metaphors for lifes torments in our culture, speaking directly to the imagination of the public.(Ang, 1982, p.64). An exploration of the important issues in everyday life, the soap opera provides a set of representations which can be seen as vibrant reflections of reality. They work because they reflect important issues and they connect with the experiences of the audience; unless they make that connection they will not succeed. After all, shows like Eastenders have always talked issues such as teenage pregnancy, issues related to drugs, suicides and extra marital affairs. Social relevance Lesley Hendersons research in the field of television fiction stresses on the argument that television fiction is not simply is a site of pleasure but it also is a site of definitional power (Henderson, 2007, p.8). She also adds that Soap opera has emerged as a format within which controversial or socially sensitive issues are played out (Henderson, 2007, p 12). As soap operas cater to a wide range of audiences across the world, it becomes important for the broadcasters to own up a moral responsibility by imparting social education to the audiences, apart from just entertainment. When producers realised that the audiences were slowly getting alienated from family dramas, they shifted their focus on socially relevant issues like Child marriage, eve teasing, female infanticide and other important issues and incorporated them into stories. Soon, the television fiction saw a huge change in the way soap operas were earlier perceived. Women, Men and children and elders, everyone started wa tching soap operas again and applauded the creative teams for talking about issues that were long ignored. Television fiction has largely been studied as a site of entertainment and pleasure despite its importance in relaying social meanings and cultural forms (Grispurd 1995, p.21, cited in Henderson, 2007, p.7). A recent T.V drama, Nivedita, talks about the issues of HIV/AIDS. Inspired from education oriented soaps operas produced in South America, this soap opera follows the route of education as entertainment, as described by its makers. Its a 26 episode series and at the end of episode, viewers get to see a short message on HIV/AIDS awareness by celebrities. In a developing country like India, where HIV/AIDS epidemic is one of the major concerns, a soap opera like Nivedita is a good way to educate the audiences about the epidemic. Besides, in India, television and film actors are considered as demi gods, whatever they do, good or bad, audiences keenly observe them. According to marketing strategy followed by media owners, incorporating a social message as a part of storyline is an eff ective tools because viewers relate to them in a better way (Pain, October 2010). The secret is to make sure that the drama remains recognisably real while subtly redefining reality in such a way as to alter perceptions of what is normal and good (Carlin 2003 in Henderson, 2007,, 2007, p.18-19). The fictional soap operas and the situational comedies give us an impersonal way to begin a debate about moral issues. (Slade, 2000, p. 424) Slade(2000, p.422-423) provides an example of Mirada de Mujer, a Mexican high quality telenova. Based on the life a women character Marie- Inà ©ss, this soap opera dealt with controversial themes such as AIDS, unwanted pregnancy and extra marital affair. It became a topic of debate not only in domestic sphere but also in the Mexican press. The life events of this central character were a constant topic of debate among Mexican household. Thus, this telenova was successful in generating enough controversy and encouraging people as well members of the audiences in participating in social debates. But, in order to be a success in terms of attracting the audiences, such soap operas need to thoroughly understand the audiences needs as well. The producers of soap operas that deal with a certain social message need to make sure that the message is clearly put across to the audience, for them to continue watching the show. (Henderson, 2007, p.19) They should avoid making the drama look like a documentary or a commentary. Contemporary soap operas audiences feel the need to be entertained with every scene. Hence, a right balance of entertainment and seriousness is a must for such a soap drama. How is this genre different from other dramas? Unlike some of the other genres such as crime, the format of soap opera is not meant to be full of suspense, where the audiences are supposed to tune in everyday to see the suspense unfold, rather this genre is a product of a long, slow, and complex fiction which becomes successful in engaging the audiences, as they are tempted to know more about the storyline and characters. According to Ang (1982, p.57), even as the theme is recurring and repetitive, it works in the favour of the audience, as they start viewing the show not as an outsider but as one of members of that show. aUnlike a talk show, where audiences are just made sit and watch two people converse, in soap operas, the main theme is constructed in a way that it seems never ending. Life in a soap opera is full of troubles crime, rape, burglary, extra marital affairs. The French semiologist Violette Morin points out, for example, that the popularity of the television serial could derive from the fact that the life depicted in it seems to proceed more slowly than real life. (Morin cited in Ang, 1982, p.81) This could mean that in todays contemporary society, where people have to just rush through moment, due to time constraints, they till crave for a life in slow motion. A small incident in a soap drama stretches for minutes, sometimes days, hence bringing a melodramatic meaning to audiences life, which they normally do not experience. The longer they run the more impossible it seems to imagine them ending.(Geraghty, 1991, p. 11, cited in Chandler, 2004) Conclusion: Undoubtedly, as Charlotte Brunsdon put it, soap operas today have become a subject of many syllabuses, rather than being considered merely an object of ridicule. While it has been mentioned that audience engage and contribute their understanding in the viewing of soap operas, it should also be kept in mind the judgment of this knowledge and comprehensive study largely depends on a viewers own awareness of culture and experiences, meaning that a particular story or a scene in a soap, could possibly have different meanings. It can also be concluded that soap operas take the process of communication beyond the experience of television viewing itself, in the form of social debates, imitating the fictional characters and their lives. Through the analysis of Angs work, it can be said that soap opera audiences relate to the metaphors that storylines often depict and this is study is relatable to contemporary soap opera audiences as well. The pleasure of watching a soap lies in i ts exaggerated plots, emotional sufferings and cliff hanging plots. The experience of watching a soap drama is very personal too, because everything is told from a personal viewpoint. Another assumption that can be disrupted from the research on Active audience is that contemporary soap opera audiences have become smart and aware of that content they are watching. They can no longer be fooled by the programme markers. That means, even programme makers have to deal with certain challenged to keep the viewers engaged. So, it is a possibility that in an effort to keep the audiences glued to the drama, producers today resort to techniques such as over dramatizing the events, sensational stories, spreading true or false link up stories of their TV actors in media, because today since news spread really quickly, owing to the internet and hence, such means help the producers in grabbing eyeballs. After all, any publicity is considered to be good for such shows. Lastly, it is important to understand that soap operas were originally meant to offer a company to housewives, who fitted their daily routine work around soaps. A domestic life of any person is filled with all kinds of emotions. These are used as metaphors to depict situations and events in soaps. While it is a valid argument that emotions are portrayed in extreme ways of melodrama, it cannot be denied that these metaphors are sourced from real life events, more or less. Apart from providing entertainment to their audience, a soap opera producer also holds the responsibility to regular be reminded of their social responsibility as a broadcaster. Critics, who view soap operas as merely a source of repetitive pleasure, need to understand that socially relevant themes can also act as means of pleasure for the audiences. After all, bringing up socially relevant issues too form a source of moral debate in the contemporary society. But when what has happened in the last thirty years or so is, a strange restructuring of presenting women on screen. This point is most valid with context to contemporary shows such as SATC and Desperate Housewives. While it has been pointed out that such shows celebrate the true spirit of women, but at the same time, shows trivialises the female condition by making them into money hungry, male craving pieces of physicality. A valid query could be do they want anything else? is the changing the attitude of the people or are people forcing their opinions onto shows? Similarly, another stereotypical notion arises when one views Indian TV soaps, where the traditional housewife is shown as the positive role model while the sexy modern thinking woman is the vamp. The strange aspect of this is that these stereotypes are still prevalent; somehow these facts are overlooked by audiences because of the popularity this genre holds. Lastly, the reason that audiences keep coming back to their favourite soap operas each and every day lies in the fact that they not only do they relate to the storylines and characters but it is the personal experiences and memories that these soaps show which intensifies their relationship with this genre, because they feel that they have been through such situations at some point of time. As Hobson (2003, p.202) puts it, The future of soap opera of intricately interwoven with the power and desire of the audience.

Tre Graffiti Paradigm: The Art of the Piece Essay -- Visual Art Artis

Tre Graffity Paradigm: The Art of the Piece It’s 11:00 p.m. on a Tuesday when three young men, barely high school age, slip through a chain-link fence and into a New York City trainyard. Each carries a duffel bag, from which can be heard the rattling and clanking of spray cans. Six hours later, they re-emerge, their hands stained with paint and their bags almost empty. What have they done? Inside the yard now stands a freshly painted mural, sixty feet wide and twelve feet high. The work is the result of weeks of designing and planning, and with luck it might last as long on the train as it already has on paper. What the boys have done, what has taken place inside that trainyard, is a work of art. [Let us begin with a basic assumption. One may object to graffiti on social or moral grounds, but only in the most conservatist terms can it not be considered â€Å"art.† Any idea of art which does not go out of its way to disinclude vandalism will, in fact, contain graffiti. We will, then, put aside social and moral considerations for the duration, and consider graffiti as art.] What does the work consist of? Who authored it, and how? What is it based on, and how does it relate? What is it, and what will become of it? The answers to these questions, collectively, form an important response to a bigger question: What is art? What does it mean to describe a piece as â€Å"a work of art†? AUTHORSHIP The young men have, in the course of this night, authored a â€Å"piece,† a work of graffiti. In the traditional sense, authorship is defined as the creation of the work. In such a sense, one of these young men is the author of the piece. One of the artists claims the piece as his own, and gives credit to the other two for â€Å"assis... ...ach style is in the distance between the previous styles and the style of the existing piece. Here, then, is the nature of art which graffiti exposes. Art is an activity, not an object; it is something which happens when foundations are developed upon and, most importantly, when new reference points are created. Each new reference point is a work of art; each new reference point is art. Works Used/Further References The quotes at the beginning are from New York City graffiti artists Bando and Seco, and came from Subway Art, by Henry Chalfant and Martha Cooper. This book and another, Spraycan Art (by Chalfant and James Prigoff), have been invaluable resources. Another invaluable resource is the ArtCrimes web site, at http://graffiti.org/. The definitions above are taken from that site’s glossary, and I found my way to all the pictures from that site as well.

William Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay -- Essays Papers

Lord of the Flies I chose to do one of my book reports on William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. The reason I chose this book is because it deals with many issues that are important to leading a solid Christian based life. It also deals with some issues that were talked about in class, for example discrimination, prayer and civilized behavior. The book starts out with Ralph and Piggy walking through the woods on what appears to be a deserted island. We are told that a plane transporting many young boys between the ages of 5 and 12 crashed on this island and these are the first two characters that we meet. Ralph and Piggy find their way out of the woods and onto a beach where they discover a conch shell that can be played as a horn. Ralph sounds this horn and shortly after a number of young boys emerged from the woods. It is now revealed that no adults are on the island and it is just the boys. They then decide to form a make shift government and piggy appoints Ralph to be the leader since he initiated the meeting. One boy named Jack, a member of a boy’s choir, protests the fact that Ralph was named the leader. So to please Jack, Ralph tells him that he will be in charge of hunting and gathering food, this along with teasing Piggy about his weight pleases Jack. The boys them split up and start to scope out the island and Jack organizes the first hunt, which is unsuccessful. As time goes on Ralph notices that many of the boys aren’t really doing any work and would rather be playing or sleeping instead, this worries him a little. He then goes out to explore the island with a choirboy named Simon, when they came back they called a meeting by signaling the conch. At this meeting Ralph sets up some basic rules. The main ones being that you can only talk at a meeting if you are holding the conch and that a fire must be keep going all the time on top of the mountain in case a ship passed by so that they could be rescued. The other boys like the ideas and rush up the mountain to start a fire. After they gather a bunch of firewood they realize that nobody can start a fire without matches. Piggy then suggests that they use the lenses of his glasses to spark a flame. The fire starts and gets a bit out of hand and Piggy thinks that one of the younger boys has been burned to death. All of the other boys laugh at Piggy and deny the incident. This is the first ... ...ll right. So we see how important parents are and how much they can influence their children. These boys were too young to be stranded alone and they couldn’t distinguish between right and wrong. I’m sure that as adults they would look back and see how hostile and evil they had become. Someone who has a similar view of this book is Kristian Moe who is a teacher in New York. I found this statement at www.malvik.no/engelsk/lordoftheflies.htm, he writes, â€Å"I feel that the book is very sad. In some ways it is even a little grotesque. It portrays human nature in its worst and darkest. It is very scary, and it makes me think about the world wars, and about Hitler’s racism and hatred. I can not believe that we have so many dark sides within us, but maybe we do.† In conclusion, I have to say that I enjoy this book because it is exciting and scary at the same time. I’m sure that everyone at one point in their life has dreamed of being on a deserted island, but I’m also sure that nobody would want their experience to be like the one we see in this book. Unless of course that have no sense of Christian values and are willing to subject themselves to that type of devilish behaviour.

Apple Inc. Essay -- Technology, iPods, iTunes

The multi billion-dollar corporation, Apple Inc., designs and manufactures some of today’s highest technological gizmos and gadgets. Among their best known products are the Apple and Macintosh computers, iPods, iTunes, iPhones and iPads. Apple is one of the most powerful and influential high tech companies in the world. The success of Apple Inc. stems from the innovation and visions of co-founder and entrepreneur, Steve Jobs, the excellence of the stylish, user-friendly products, and the ability to create innovative products that consumer’s desire. The development of Apple Inc. came during the unstable economic times of the 1970’s. Best friends and college dropouts, Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak pooled their electronic and business skills to market what was to become the first personal computer. Stephen Wozniak had designed a small computer, the Apple 1, for the enjoyment of some friends at a Homebrew Computer Club meeting. The Apple 1 developed in Steve Jobs’ bedroom and garage, while he envisioned the commercial potential of a personal computer that could help families with personal finances and small businesses with day to day tasks. Vision, drive and creativity allowed this entrepreneur to take the risk to create a business. The challenge of building that business and the desire to control his destiny required passion and perseverance along with innovation. Apple’s first personal computer, the Apple 1, took six months to design and 40 hours to build with an initial investment of $1300.00 (The seeds of success, 1982). In 1975 the entrepreneurs formed a partnership and decided on the name Apple. Ron Wayne designed the diagrams of the Apple 1 and the company logo, which play both on the company name and the word â€Å"b... ...ly has high tech gizmos and gadgets but also the software that joins together their digital lives making them more user-friendly. It seems that Steve Jobs has an instinctive ability to see into the future as to what consumer’s desire which allows Apple to stay a step ahead of the others. Steve Jobs, along with Apple Inc. inspire those who have dreams of becoming entrepreneurs with successful businesses. Apple’s core value is that people with passion can change the world for the better. Apples 1997 advertisement reaffirms this value, â€Å"Here’s to the crazy ones. The misfits. The rebels. The troublemakers. The round pegs in the square holes. The ones who see things differently. . . . While some may see them as the crazy ones, we see genius. Because the people who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world are the ones who do† (Apple Museum, n.d.). Apple Inc. Essay -- Technology, iPods, iTunes The multi billion-dollar corporation, Apple Inc., designs and manufactures some of today’s highest technological gizmos and gadgets. Among their best known products are the Apple and Macintosh computers, iPods, iTunes, iPhones and iPads. Apple is one of the most powerful and influential high tech companies in the world. The success of Apple Inc. stems from the innovation and visions of co-founder and entrepreneur, Steve Jobs, the excellence of the stylish, user-friendly products, and the ability to create innovative products that consumer’s desire. The development of Apple Inc. came during the unstable economic times of the 1970’s. Best friends and college dropouts, Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak pooled their electronic and business skills to market what was to become the first personal computer. Stephen Wozniak had designed a small computer, the Apple 1, for the enjoyment of some friends at a Homebrew Computer Club meeting. The Apple 1 developed in Steve Jobs’ bedroom and garage, while he envisioned the commercial potential of a personal computer that could help families with personal finances and small businesses with day to day tasks. Vision, drive and creativity allowed this entrepreneur to take the risk to create a business. The challenge of building that business and the desire to control his destiny required passion and perseverance along with innovation. Apple’s first personal computer, the Apple 1, took six months to design and 40 hours to build with an initial investment of $1300.00 (The seeds of success, 1982). In 1975 the entrepreneurs formed a partnership and decided on the name Apple. Ron Wayne designed the diagrams of the Apple 1 and the company logo, which play both on the company name and the word â€Å"b... ...ly has high tech gizmos and gadgets but also the software that joins together their digital lives making them more user-friendly. It seems that Steve Jobs has an instinctive ability to see into the future as to what consumer’s desire which allows Apple to stay a step ahead of the others. Steve Jobs, along with Apple Inc. inspire those who have dreams of becoming entrepreneurs with successful businesses. Apple’s core value is that people with passion can change the world for the better. Apples 1997 advertisement reaffirms this value, â€Å"Here’s to the crazy ones. The misfits. The rebels. The troublemakers. The round pegs in the square holes. The ones who see things differently. . . . While some may see them as the crazy ones, we see genius. Because the people who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world are the ones who do† (Apple Museum, n.d.).

Middle school Essay

â€Å"I want my child’s education to be holistic! † â€Å"I don’t like cramming and the loads of homework. † â€Å"I want my child to grow in a stress-free environment. † â€Å"The curriculum must stimulate reasoning and analytical skills. † At the beginning of every academic year this is what you hear from your parents. Newspaper and magazines highlight the stress and strain students undergo during examinations. Good as it may seem, this generate a false hope parents have woken up to view education from a different dimensions. It makes educator believe that they do not want to support a system that evaluates a child’s potential through marks and grades. The success of every child initially depends on parents only. But unfortunately parents suddenly realize the importance of exams, results, percentage and college admissions and begin to rethink and re-valuate their personal convictions. Then they say :†I must prepare my child to enter this competitive world†. â€Å"I must help my child to succeed in life†. What is this success they talk about? Is it a fulfillment of the child’s dream ? Have they channelled the child’s talents to achieve? Instead they run from pillar to post collecting question papers and application forms for all the competitive exams. There is no time to consider what the child wants and need. Children are not perceived as individual. Schools become factories churning out prize commodities. As long as parents fail to consider their children as growing individual with aspirations and talents, institutions will continue to capitalize on mass production. No doubt education is a necessity, but what do you want your child to be? Surely, not automatons and generators of wealth. The goal is to develop them into thinking individuals. Only then will we see change. It is the duty of educationists and the governing bodies to give a new meaning, a new direction and strike a new path towards a meaningful education. This is the foundation for a generation of sensitive and cultured human beings. I think this speech will bring a change in parents mind about child’s problems about their life. Thank you 2: A Parent’s Role in Education Home Education Parents have a vital role in their child’s education. By taking a few simple steps at home, you can help them enjoy school more, improve their studying and homework skills and prepare for college. The articles in this category, A Parent’s Role in Education, are full of tips on to help them with their schoolwork, such as creating a positive learning environment to making learning fun. There are also articles on warning signs to help you identify potential learning or school problems. A Parent’s Role in Education Nothing helps a child succeed like an involved parent. A little willingness from a child’s parents can work wonders in the classroom. Read on to learn more about your role as a parent in the education of your child. Creating a Positive Home Learning Environment Your child needs a special place to call their own. Setting aside a room or nook in your home dedicated to your child’s education will show him or her that you’re serious about their education. Read on to learn more about creating a positive†¦ Evaluating Educational Resources on the Web There are many options available when looking for additional educational help online for your child. An awareness of the costs, services, advantages and disadvantages is crucial. Read on to learn how you can best evaluate educational resources†¦ Improving Your Child’s Grades Parents play an important role in a child’s education. This article examines some very simple things you can do every day provide your child with the support and encouragement they need to take on the challenge of improving their grades. Improving your Child’s Study Habits Learning skills need to be fostered at home. This article provides tips for parents who want to create a home environment that will help their children develop and maintain positive study habits. Preparing a Child for High School The transition from middle school to high school can be challenging and bewildering for some students. Parents can help make this period of great change easier on their children and themselves. Read on to learn more about preparing a child for†¦ Preparing a Child for Junior High School The transition from elementary to middle school or junior high is a difficult one, filled with new social and academic challenges. Here are some tips to help your child prepare for this big change. Reasons Your Child May Be Struggling in School Is your child struggling in school? This article details several of the common reasons why a child might fall behind in their studies — and what parents can do to help. Recognizing Student Struggles 1 of 7: The Importance of Identifying Warning Signs The first in a 7 part series, this feature stresses the importance of recognizing your child’s classroom difficulties and resolving them quickly. Read on to learn more about the importance of identify warning signs and recognizing student†¦ Recognizing Student Struggles 2 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Confidence Levels This article is the second in a seven part series aimed to help parents recognize the warning signs given off by struggling students. Read on to learn more about how you can remain aware of your child’s confidence level, and how you can help†¦ Recognizing Student Struggles 3 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Grades As part of the Recognizing Student Struggles series, this feature explains what a sudden decline in grades might say about a student’s curricular experience. It also offers suggestions for the most appropriate methods of correction should your†¦ Recognizing Student Struggles 4 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Attitude As part of the Recognizing Student Struggles series, this article explores the attitude changes to look for in struggling students and offers suggestions for improving a child’s educational experience. Recognizing Student Struggles 5 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Homework Is your child struggling with their homework. A new approach and an involved parent can work wonders for a child’s success in the classroom. This is the fifth article in the Recognizing Student Struggles series. Recognizing Student Struggles 6 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–Class Standing This feature in the Recognizing Student Struggles series discusses the importance listening to your child’s teacher and making use of their feedback. It also highlights what can be done if you’re told that your child has fallen behind in his or†¦ Recognizing Student Struggles 7 of 7: Identifying the Warning Sign–(Lack of ) Determination This article (the last in the Recognizing Student Struggles series) explains several ways to assess a student’s progress and level of determination based on their responses to failure. The 28 educational standards of the state of New York The state of New York has 28 standards that guide elementary and middle school education. This article outlines those standards in detail. The Educational Advantages of Using Computers and the Internet Computer programs and the Internet create educational opportunities not available to previous generations. Read on to learn how modern technologies can become valuable educational tools. Transform Your Child’s Poor Report Card Have your child’s grades taken a turn for the worse? Did they just bring home their first poor report card? Don’t worry. Read on to learn more about how you can help your child transform his or her poor report card.

Chevalier: Food and Restaurant

Chevaliers A case study in MIS- Management| June 7 2012 | F and b services | | LO1 Understand the operational and economic characteristics of hospitality operations 1. 1 analyses the nature of the product and service area 1. 2 Evaluate the different influences affecting patterns of demand within hospitality operations. 1. 3 Compare customer profiles and their differing expectations and requirements in respect of hospitality provision 1. 4 Analyze factors affecting average spending power in hospitality business LO2 understand product development within a hospitality environment 2. evaluate the key stages in product and service development applied within a hospitality operations 2. 2 analyses the features which contribute towards the customers perception of products and services 2. 3 assess the opportunities and constraints affecting product and service development within a hospitality environment 2. 4 evaluate different merchandising opportunities for hospitality products and services LO3 understand pricing and profitability concepts within hospitality operations 3. 1 evaluate different methods of pricing taking into account additional pricing considerations 3. assess the factors in hospitality operations which affect revenue generation and profitability LO4 be able to use appraisal techniques to analyse and improve operational performance and make proposals for action 4. 1 apply different performances measures and appraisal techniques to individual aspects of hospitality operations the product and the whole operations 4. 2 determine the effectiveness of different quantitative and qualitative appraisal techniques and their application to hospitality operations 4. 3 apply approaches to business analysis evaluation and planning appropriate to hospitality operation, making proposals for actions.Introduction I read out whole case study and I found a chevalier is hospitality establishment which is situated on beach and because of many problems their sales going down. I found that there is no management, services are not that much good, bad condition of restaurant, no signage, lack of staff training, no experienced persons in establishment and proper cleaning. Customers become less day by day because they are not satisfied with services and atmosphere. Chevaliers get easily make money from restaurant but they don’t have proper planning and experienced persons to run business in good way or making more profits.Their restaurant situated on the beach and it is really very good location for business because customers attract from natural things. People love to see views and enjoying food while watching sea views. Chevaliers situated on beach with three storied restaurant. In this restaurant they have beach level kiosk, la carte restaurant and it can cover up to 100 covers and they also doing outdoor catering facility with 200 covers. In this establishment most of the people come from middle class families. Different types of customers come he re to enjoy food like parents with children’s, walkers, joggers and couples.From the last one year chevaliers business in loss because of less customers. The success of any hospitality business depends mainly on its development plans. Business development includes a wide range of activities that create new or changed offerings, organizations process. It enhances sales, improves customer satisfaction, augments quality, diminishes costs and achieves numerous benefits for organizations to be successful and here I implement different strategies to improve business. There are numbers of things to run business and make more profits like pricing of f and b, accounting and maintenance etc.Lo1 understand the operational and economic characteristics of hospitality operations. Nature of the product and services areas Buffet service A Buffet Service is a self-service serving style where the guests serve themselves. This style is a great method for feeding large numbers of people with min imal help. The dinner buffet is the most practical and congenial way in which to care for your guests. There can be many variations of the Buffet Service. It can be either country casual or semi-formal. It provides a more relaxed method of dining and a more varied menu than a full service meal.The entertaining buffet presentation of food can be placed on one or more tables close but away from the tables where the guests will be seated during dinner. The guests will go to the buffet tables and serve themselves from a variety of menu items. There are hot buffets and cold buffets. Cold buffets are typically salads and sandwiches. Also the backyard barbeque can be a Buffet Service. An entertaining dessert bar can be used for an afternoon gathering of friends. The Buffet Service can have a staff where the guests bring their own plate along the buffet line and are given a portion from a server at one or more stations.An advantage of buffets is that guests have the ability to review food b efore selecting it and taking only the quantity needed. Since a buffet involves people serving them it is less elegant than Table Service. Buffet Service is used anytime there are large gatherings even at many formal wedding receptions. Buffet means to feed large number of people at one time. In chevaliers we provide a buffet service for customers. There are different types of buffet services in this world. Chinese buffet, Indian buffet, Italian buffet etc. but here I decided to implemented French, continental buffet for customers because of English, kiwi peoples.In New Zealand most of the people love to eat continental food so the French buffet is best option. In buffet system we provide many dishes with one cost and guest enjoy food with bulk quantity. Customers have to serve themselves from different stations like a salad bar, hot items, desert station and all entree, mains. Here we provide out door dinning, friendly environment, private parties etc. according to customer needs. (http://restaurants. about. co) Best location for buffet and setup Buffet setting requires planning with regard to layout and easy access for every guest. Buffet best location is near kitchen.So that if dishes empty needs refilling it won’t take time as chevaliers kitchen is near to main hall. Moreover it will be easier for guests as well as they don’t have to wait long for food and it will effect on chevaliers sale as if customers happy then they will come back again. Traffic flow and a food are essential to the success of a buffet line. The Right Way to Set Up a Buffet Table * Stack plates at the head of the table and silverware and napkins at the end. * All the food should be accessible from both sides even for small groups and all lids and covers should be completely removed once serving starts. Beverages should be served on a separate table that's far enough away from the main buffet so as not to cause traffic congestion. * Dessert should also be served separately on its own table and should not be put out until after the main course. * Provide tongs and ladles instead of forks and spoons for serving whenever possible. * Refill often to maintain freshness and flavor Benefits for chevaliers by Buffets service The most obvious benefit of a restaurant buffet is that chevaliers feed a large quantity of people with minimal amount of staff. This is great for payroll. It also allows rotating the food in the restaurant kitchen faster.It is beneficial for the establishment. Buffet as special promotions can draw in customers on a budget who may not routinely dine out at restaurant. And also it offers a great way to cut food costs and increase profit margin. It helps to generate more income. Layout of the kitchen The main consideration is designing a kitchen is that the layout should allow easy cleaning and continuous workflow from receiving raw material through preparation and cooking to final presentation. Equipment’s should be movable or plac ed on clean area. In the kitchen serving food and there must be a division of preparation areas For exampleVegetables storage and preparation should be near to delivery as vegetables have soil on them which carries c perfringens spores and if the vegetables are carried through the kitchen dust from the vegetables may settle on cooked food. Section of raw meat preparation should be separated from cooked food preparation to avoid cross contamination because raw meat is frequently contaminated with salmonella. Ventilation Adequate ventilation in a kitchen is very important for two reasons firstly to keep the temperature and humidity down and second one is to remove cooking smells steams.Kitchen floor It should be made hard wearing, mats, easily cleaned material which will not absorb moisture and will not affected by food such as grease etc. Decor interior design in restaurant Decor play very important role in restaurant sales and popularity. Decor should be according to location and se t particular theme on decor like flowering, sports etc. in decor so many things included like ceiling, flooring, furnishing and the interior should be air conditioner or heating facility according to seasons.As we are already observing that with our present decor of chevaliers we enable to attract customers so that’s why we need to change our decor such as lighting, as light should be changed according to the time of day. Also same as with sound/ music volume during day time it should be low volume as customers need low volume they want calm music at that time in lunch time customers want loud music. And in dinner they are for fine dining so they want romantic music collections. Also we will put flowers on each table a complied with candles. And also we put outdoor tables for those who want to enjoy their food with sea.Bar setup in restaurant Bar should be located in one area, the food buffet and the dinning in another area. It will help or work eases congestion and reduces p otential food and drink disasters. A bar placed at the back of a restaurant more intimate away from the hustle and bustle of the front of the house. Stock Restaurant Bar with the Right Equipment Bars need their own reach in coolers, ice bins, hygiene supplies, paper towel dispenser, liquor wells, glass racks, wine racks and dry storage. Coolers should be big enough to hold bottled beer, white and blush wines as well as backups of juice, milk and other beverages used to mix drinks.A restaurant bar also needs a beer tower and a place to keep kegs cold. You may have to run beer lines from the walk in cooler if your bar doesn’t have enough space for kegs. Bar floors should be covered with rubber floor mats for employee comfort and safety. Bar should be handled by bartender. it should be compulsory bar person available all the time during restaurant hours. Bar Set Mood with Lighting Lighting in the bar should be subtle. Not so dark customers can’t read the menu but definite ly not too bright. Recessed lighting and track lighting with dimmer switches allow controlling the light, adjusting it for the time f day. Signage The signage need to be replace with a new sign board in addition with contact number, name of the establishment and also in bar we need put bar signage’s required as per law. We need put signs for rest rooms and also put signs for wet floors. Cleaning in restaurant There is only one rubbish bin so we need to buy new bins and cleaning equipment’s for cleaning purposes. If the restaurant always looks beautiful than people attract from place and come again and again. (Restaurant management and operations) 1. 2.Evaluate the difference influences affecting patterns of demand within hospitality operations Patterns of demand in restaurant Happy hours for restaurant Different peoples comes on different hours like some people come for breakfast time and they will need quick service and their demands like fruit juices, cereals and col d foods. And also some people come for dinner and they will demand hot foods, more formal servie. so it is varies person to person according to their demands restaurant provide service. It is good if restaurant opens for whole week 7 days because it generates more money and popularity.Opening hours as earlier they open at 7 and close early so this thing has to be changed because there was no customer at that time but if we changed timing than it safe other expenses like electricity, staff wage etc. opening hours should be at 8 to 9 am and closing late to depend on business. Seasonality Special promotional ideas for restaurants take advantage of on holidays and other special events that happen throughout the year. Special menus provide and take reservations for busy times, like New Year’s Eve and Mother’s Day.The influence of weather temperature on eating and drinking habits changing by seasons. Seasonality of food also will appeal to budget conscious as in season food is usually more abundant so will be lower in cost. Restaurant provides low cost food and with discounts. In summers the sale is more as people would like to spend time on beach on other hand in winters as its cold people would like stay away from beach so we have make a different menu for winters to customers and as it’s not good business in winters to cut cost we could just make our menus limited.For winters we could also arrange outside heating and inside heating for customer comfort. To achieve our target we could also provide special offers to attract customers during off season. (Seasonal Factors Affecting the Restaurant Industry) Social eating patterns The family meal was the focus point at the end of the day where family members have been away from home during the day they came together for meal times to discuss the day’s activities and to make plans for the next day. While time and convenience have had an effect on the social aspect of food it’s true to say that food still brings people together.Peoples meet up on particular occasions, wedding parties, ceremony and on festivals. People enjoy parties as well as food. (Food habits and social change, 2008) Food and fashion trends The hospitality industry is changing rapidly because customers are changing and technology is changing and markets are changing. Like fashion, restaurant operations have trends and fashions that retreat and flow with time recall the roller-skating waitresses at drive in diners during the 1950s. Listed below are some popular restaurant trends that aren’t likely to disappear for a while yet.There numbers of trends in restaurant for customers and to promote their restaurant. To attract customers some of the main trends are following: 1) Offering discounts and coupons Offering discounts and coupons to regular customers or during occasions like festivals, new year etc. Now day’s people love to bargain and it is good if restaurant give discounts and c oupons to customers. Restaurants provide different types of foods according to customer needs and also provide options in menus like food plus drink free it will make more money and popularity in particular regions. ) Public health concerns Now days people are very concern about their health’s and restaurants are being pressured to create healthier meals with smaller portions. Restaurant need to care about customers and provide nutritious food with cleanliness. Different people have different health problems so according their demands or needs restaurant provide food. Restaurants also provide children’s menu with healthier food. In kids menu they provide salads and fruits with unique presentation so kids easily attract from food.For example: Americans are overweight and plagued by chronic disease such as diabetes. In response to public demand restaurants provide smaller portions sizes and healthier food options on their regular menu. 3) Social media for restaurant Ther e are numbers of social sites for example face book and twitter for restaurant market and food introduction with their benefits. It is for marketing and advertising to grow up restaurant business. Many people interested in internet so they always check where to eat? Which is best place to eat?In internet people can find restaurant names and contact details also menu available on restaurant website. Customers orders online or on phone call and will get home deliveries from restaurant. Facebook and twitter is a medium to promote specials and events and it will really work. Regional and ethnic influence In this world there are so different countries and peoples and they have their traditions regarding food. Different people have different needs for example people from India always prefer Indian food, Chinese people prefer Chinese food.Pricing and economic factors pricing will be set according to time of year Market conditions, climate and changes in government legislation all have an e ffect on food costs. The choices made in sourcing food, preparing or buying readymade food will always influenced by price. Food needs to be within a personal budget. And it changes by the season will be changed. Elasticity of demand Elasticity of demand is the sensitivity of the sales volume to changes in price. Demand fluctuates in response to factors such as a change in pricing, food quality or the environment for example refurbishment. (http://www. ehow. com) . 3 Compare customer profiles and their differing expectations and requirements in respect of hospitality provision. Achieving high levels of satisfaction at a restaurant through good customer service, quality food and making diners feel valued is important because satisfied customers are more likely to return. On average a satisfied customer will tell two to three people about good food and service whereas an unhappy one will tell five to ten peoples how dissatisfied he was. Customer satisfaction or expectation surveys are an important tool that will aid you in reaching your high customer satisfaction goals.There are numbers of restaurants according to different customers like family restaurant, couples restaurants like valentines. (Customer expectation and delight) Family restaurants Family Restaurant is that designed to accommodate all ages, large groups, loud parties and whose menu reflects family style dining, child portions and perhaps even reasonable prices. According to the needs of family the family restaurant designed. For example: elder people in family demand less spicy food, lower noise level and formal service Valentine restaurantsValentine restaurant is designed for young peoples who demand romantic places and silence and the whole restaurant decorated with dim lights and light music. Customer profiles in restaurant Customer profiles also help you develop targeted marketing plans and help you ensure your products and services meet the needs of your intended audience. There are two basic types of customer profiles Demographic profiles Demographics profiles are based on characteristics like age, gender, income levels, marital status, place of residence, etc.In marketing terms demographic profiles tend to break down customers into age, social class, and gender. For example: younger buyers may make buying decisions based on how they feel the purchase will cause them to be perceived and older buyers may focus on quality or safety. Wealthy customers may be willing to pay a best for service or for a perceived value while lower income customers may be more likely to focus on price. Its all depend on person status if there is a rich person buy something than surely he will pay more without thinking anything but other lower class person first see the price and then decide.Behavior profiles Behavior profiles focus on actions and focus on types of items were purchased how frequently items are purchased and the average transaction value or which items were purchased in conjunc tion with other items. (Customer profiles) Types of customers 1) Loyal Customers Naturally we need to be communicating with those customers who on a regular basis by telephone, mail, email etc. These people are the ones who can and should influence our buying and merchandising decisions. Nothing will make a Loyal Customer feel better than soliciting their input and showing them how much you value it.In my mind you can never do enough for them. Customer recommends to others and as a result business growth inclined. 2) Discount Customers This category helps ensure inventory is turning over and as a result it is a key contributor to cash flow. This same group however can often wind up costing restaurant money because they are more inclined to return product. 3) Impulse Customers Clearly this is the segment of our clientele that we all like to serve. There is nothing more exciting than assisting an Impulse shopper and having them respond favorably to our recommendations.We want to targe t our displays towards this group because they will provide us with a significant amount of customer insight and knowledge. 4) Need-Based Customers People in this category are driven by a specific need. When they enter the store and they will look to see if they can have that need filled quickly. If not they will leave right away. They buy for a variety of reasons such as a specific occasion and a specific need or an absolute price point. As difficult as it can be to satisfy these kind of peoples and they can also become Loyal Customers if they are well taken care of.Salespeople may not find them to be a lot of fun to serve but in the end they can often represent your greatest source of long-term growth. 5) Wandering Customers For many stores and restaurants this is the largest segment in terms of traffic while at the same time they make up the smallest percentage of sales. mostly kind of people attract from the location of the restaurant. Keep in mind however that although they may not represent a large percentage of immediate sales and they are a real voice for restaurant business in the community.Many Wanderers shop merely for the interaction and experience it provides them. Shopping is no different to them than it is for another person to go to the gym on a regular basis. Since they are merely looking for interaction and they are also very likely to communicate to others the experience they had in the store. Therefore although Wandering Customers cannot be ignored, the time spent with them needs to be minimized. Pricing consideration expectations Prices play main role in business because in restaurant different types of customers come some are from rich families and some from medium class.For example: rich customer spends lots of money on food but the middle class customer thinks what to eat and they look on price? And Always find reasonable prices so the thing is this if restaurant design their menu according to the customer spending power than it will go od for both business and customer. Prices should implement according to the target market than business grow up. Customer need the food prices are reasonable according to their spending power different options provided to customers in food so customer will be happy and satisfied. 1. factors affecting average spending power in hospitality business. Types of hospitality outlets, menu range, pricing consideration Firstly the type of menu offered by an establishment and the variety of menu choice should also enhance the total meal experience. For a lower level market first price of food. If the customer is paying $50 for three course meal the range of menu items that can be made available within the cost limits of such an operation is obviously more limited than in operations where the customer’s average spending power is higher.Secondly, the amount of time taken to consume meals at this level of the market may vary between half an hour to one hour but will rarely exceed this. Th e menu choice offered by a restaurant is therefore dependent on a number of interrelated factors like * Price the customer is willing to pay * The amount of time available for the meal experience * The level of the market in which restaurant situated * The production and service facilities * Skills and staff Expectations and requirementsA single customer or group of customers arriving at a restaurant for a meal bring with them a series of expectations regarding that restaurant and the type of service they will receive and the price they will pay, the expected good atmosphere and mood of the restaurant etc. The customer expectation may be varied and numerous, ranging from the restaurant which the customer frequents because they want to be seen there and participate in its social atmosphere, to the small quiet restaurant where the customer may go because of its intimate and personal nature.If customers sense disharmony, however between their expectation of the restaurant and the actua l product they find for example, it is too intimate for the occasion and they may not enter the restaurant but choose another. If disharmony is not realized until customers are seated at the table and it is unlikely that they will leave but will have a hurried and uncomfortable meal. Level of service The higher the cost of the meal to the customer and the more service the customer expects to receive. The cost of the meal to customers increases so will the amount of service they receive.It is necessary for a restaurant to identify the level of service. if a restaurant has a very formal type of food and beverage service usually associated with high class operations, the other aspects of the restaurant service should be equally formal the speed, efficiency and dress of staff, the degree of personalization and courtesy the customers receives, and so on. It is important for a restaurant operation to consider not only the service of the food and beverage for which the staffs are usually a dequately trained, but also to remember the indirect service aspect of the operation which are all part of the customer’s meal experience.The meal experience Eat and drink experience The meal experience may be defined as a series of events both tangible and intangible that a customer experiences when eating out. Tangible- which can be feeling by touching, seeing like restaurant tables, chairs etc. Intangible- which can be only sensed/felt like restaurant atmosphere etc. It is difficult to define exactly where a meal and drink experience actually starts and ends although it is usually assumed that the main part of the experience begins when a customer enters a restaurant and ends when he leaves the restaurant.The series of events and experiences customers undergo when eating out may be divided into those tangible aspects of the product that is the food and drink and those intangible aspects such as service, atmosphere, mood, etc. So it is necessary for the tangible and intangi ble components of the restaurant to combine together and to be seen by the customer as one total product The menu is the center piece of any restaurant establishment. it is not a food list items for sale but the reason behind the establishment exist Management issues Staffing 1) Floor management in staffingIt includes floor managing staff and they provides service to guests or customers in restaurant. Staff allocates on different jobs from opening hours to closing hours. Manager is responsible for their staff and all safety and health regulations. Manger motivates all other staff in front office and take care all areas. Manager also provides training for their staff to make more profit from their serving skills. 2) Kitchen Management In kitchen management, kitchen staff working in the kitchen only. There are different roles in kitchen management like chef, head chef, dishwasher and kitchen hand.Kitchen is the place food prepared and served food to customers. Managing the kitchen sta ff helps to control food quality. Kitchen is place where staff gets tired because it never stops in trading hours. Kitchen management is responsible for food cost, budgeting and profits Organization (administration) in restaurant All stock controlling, budgeting, labor cost, balancing cost, scheduling rotations, profits according to seasonality, surveys and hiring staff with maintaince of the kitchen equipment’s. Marketing Management will decide about market strategies.Marketing is a source to attract customers and satisfied current customers. With the target market expanding new products and services. There are numbers of way to promote restaurant like media, comment cards, emails and social sites. Marketing plans will be designed for to increase customer visit, increase average checks and send profits sky high from insides to outsides the restaurant, the marketing plan is the road map to achieves specific sales objectives. it includes tv, radio billboards or localized neigh borhood program.In chevaliers we will implement setup frequency dinning programs and data base programs that instantly tell who is customer in restaurant, their birthdays, and anniversaries and where they live Finance Money plays very important role in any business. And it is also important to know how to manage finance. Management always ready to manage all situations like when season off the restaurant sales automatically down and management knows how to handle that particular situation. Managing day by day expenses in restaurant business and POS system helps to manage all sales and inventory. Control systemsA big emphasis is being placed on extensive research into the quality and integrity of restaurant products. Restaurant management will constantly tested for high standards of freshness and purity. Food costs and inventory control will be handled by computer system and checked daily by management. Service standards There are different types of services provided in restaurants l ike buffet service, silver service, table service and tray service. As the service level increases the labour costs increases because of the increased skill level and the quantity and quality of equipment increases.A higher standard of customer service requires a higher standard of decor, food quality, equipment and staff. More facilities cost more. The delivery of a consistently high standard of service requires a higher proportion of product, staff and equipment. Quality systems The quality of service is another factor that contributes to restaurant customer satisfaction. This is a particularly important factor to full-service restaurants because they are typically more expensive and slower than quick-service restaurants.Many factors go into the overall quality of service at a restaurant such as how positively customers feel about each member of the restaurant staff they interact with. Some customers may be more concerned with the social interactions with the wait staff, while oth er customers are more focused on how quickly dishes are removed and glasses are refilled. The relative importance of these different factors often depends on the style of restaurant and the outlook of a particular customer. Team working All members of a team must feel empowered to work towards quality.This means if a waitress does not feel that a meal is up to standard that she has the right to refuse to take the dish to the customer. Staff should be encouraged to share their ideas about how to improve the quality of the organization often as they are the ones dealing directly with the customers they have more useful ideas than management. Training Management will train employees in food service sanitation. Each employee shall be trained in food service sanitation quarterly. Lo2 understand product development within a hospitality environment 2. evaluate the key stages in product and service development applied within hospitality operations Special pricing Market segmentation( identi fy demand of the market) Market segmentation is one of the steps that go into defining and targeting particular markets. It is the process of dividing a market into a distinct group of buyers that require different products or marketing mixes it targets specialty markets that will promote products and services more effectively than a business aiming average customer. It is easiest way of marketing in groups and it helps to get knowledge about customers needs and wants.Market is segmented in different groups of consumers. For example: * Behavior bases like product knowledge, usage, responses and attitudes of customers * Demographic basis like age, occupation, age and family size * Psychographic bases like lifestyles, values and personality * Geographic bases like states, regions and countries Market segmentation is important for business and for development. We do because we want to know about customer thinking about food and beverages. According to customers’ needs and wants restaurant establishment developed. Design the productMenu plays very important in restaurant business and establishment designs their menu can increase sales, turnover and ensure the menu remains balanced in terms of sales mix and popularity. The menu can designed in such ways to seduce and convince the diners to choose a specific menu item by the wording and how the dish described. Fine dinning restaurant provide menu with less wording, naming exotic ingredients. Restaurant should clear explanation about customer perceptions and according to family restaurant environment should be attractive for kids and keep in mind the value of money.Theme of the restaurant Theme for restaurant is very popular and it effect on restaurant sales and development. There are numbers of themes for restaurant like flower decorations, sports, heritage and colorful themes. It increases the sale of restaurant. Theme describes the restaurant and customers attract from theme. A restaurant theme is a blend o f food, atmosphere and service. Restaurant theme decides according to location and local competition. Theme will decide according to customers. Need to survey of that place where your restaurant situated and then decide restaurant theme.For example: if your customers are families with younger children you don’t need to be open until midnight or have a full service sports bar. Advertising Restaurant advertising comes in many forms. Radio spots newspaper ads, TV commercials even coupons are all ways to advertise a restaurant. We can hire a PR agency to help you get your message out or you can do it yourself. Advertising is not a one-size-fits-all deal. Advertising plans vary from year to year, season to season. Like we have a busy summer season and less business in the winter and we will need two decisively different advertising plans.While advertising we can show discounts/coupons and special offers for customers so it can develop brand image in the eyes of customers. Customer s will definitely think about restaurant and definitely plan to go that particular restaurant. Websites is another option where we put new offers and menus for customers. Customers will directly order from internet. It helps to generate income from customers. Food and beverage planning * The wide variety and choices in f and b * The process has to comply with the HACCP policy The fast turnover of some food like items delivered fresh in the morning may be prepared and served to the customer at lunchtime and the revenue saved by afternoon. * The product cannot be stored for any length of time * Different types of customers handled in same establishment Food control points There are some common features are found in food production processes in all food and beverage operations. Product goes through the production process. It first enters in the establishment with raw material or preserved product and then stored in store area.Processing of this product must then take place preparation of food and cooking food. After the product ready it will presented in plates and serve to customers. Food control process Types of food | Storage | Preparation | cooking| Holding | regeneration| Presenting and serve food| | Refrigerate | cutting| boiling| Chill | Steamer | Plates | Fresh | | chopping| grill| Freeze | Microwave | Trolly | Canned | Freeze | Weight | Baking | Hot | Traditional | Buffet | Frozen | | peeling| Microwave | Cold | Oven | trays| Preserved | Dry store | Slicing | Frying | Sous vide | | wrapping| | | Measure | Boil roast | | | | | Filet/blend and mix| | | | | Employer’s satisfaction Employees of organization play very important role in hospitality industry. Restaurant development depends on employee’s satisfaction. There are numbers of things take part in employee’s satisfaction that is job security, providing pay at time, opportunities to use skills and abilities, feeling safe in the working environments and also with good communication. Moreover the employee’s relationship with their co- workers or supervisor and management recognition of employee job performance.If the employee not satisfied with their job then how can he/ she work properly so it is very important that an employee satisfied from their job. Risk management While working in restaurant there are numbers of risk involved but restaurant owner and manager face that risks. In restaurant should be provide a safe working environment as well as prepare for the unforeseeable accidents, damages or any disaster that might impact restaurant building. Restaurant need trained their staff to handle this kind of situation. Safety procedures implement into daily procedures.Restaurant aware and insuring about lawsuits or any kind of damage to business. Protecting restaurant from fire Protecting restaurant from crime Protecting staff and customers from accidents Understanding legislation that effects on business like food hygiene, employers, liability, health and safety in restaurants are all relevant when anyone running business There are some acts that implement when something happen like this The fire act Every building have fire service act, fire evacuation procedure should be in place. Fire equipment’s must be in place and serviced regularly.The food hygiene act 1974 It is for health of each customer and it implies on restaurant. Every restaurant should be neat and clean. Storage area should be clean. Food hygiene regulation 1974 act says that regulations are safe storage and also there should be safe preparation. 2. 2 analyses the features which contribute towards the customers perception of products and services Whenever a guest enters a restaurant or hotel or a food and beverage section of any place, he/she expects something more than just what is served.The expected things include quality, timeliness as well as cost effectiveness however what if you can give the guest more than what he/she has expected Food hygiene in res taurant Good food hygiene in restaurant is of vital importance for the pleasure of customers and the continued success of restaurant business. Customer also expects where they eat the place should be neat and clean and kitchen should be clean while preparing food so there is no harm to health. Why food hygiene is important? Every day people get ill from the food they eat.Micro-organisms including bacteria, viruses and moulds found in food can cause food poisoning, leading to a whole host of unpleasant symptoms, such as stomach pains, diarrhoea and vomiting. It is for customer’s good health if there is no food hygiene customer unhappy and they will blame on restaurant so hygiene is very important. Restaurant cleanliness attracts customers and it helps to increase more customers. Type of greeting and welcoming Greeting and welcoming is the first impression so when customer enters in the restaurant host responsibility to handle customers with smile, eye contact and welcoming.Pol itely speak with customer and offer something water first than provide menu or tell them today’s special menu or menu of the day with special offers etc. Physical appearance matters Guests expect to be served by a good looking and well-dressed staff. Staff cannot be untidy will their face, hair or clothes. The guests should not feel that the restaurant management is too harsh on the staff in terms of salaries or duty such that they cannot afford a proper uniform. This creates a wrong impression. Serve the food in warm, well washed dishes/containers nd all plates, bowls used should be well washed and cleaned. Increase knowledge about the product: The guests could have a query about the food and beverage they are consuming or are about to order. The service staff should be well equipped with the knowledge of the product so as to help the guests make a decision. Speed of service and their types Speed of service according customers like young people want very formal service and o ld people like quick service and on time. Service is very important part of any restaurant. Restaurant depends on the best service.If the service does not meet the customers’ expectations and customer felt the service very good then they defiantly come back to restaurant. Customer service covers many different parts of restaurants day to day operations and going far beyond the front of the staff. In chevaliers there is no proper service provide to customers so they will not come again because of poor service. Ambience (good environment) * Good Environment * Clean * Organized * Safe * Low pressure * Energy level appropriate to clientele * Decoration Brand loyaltyBrand loyalty known as reputation of the restaurant and it is very important that restaurant have good reputation in market. Brand loyalty is depending on their service and good quality of food. Customers want to feel important They know that restaurant have lots of other customers and clients but they just love it whe n staff makes them feel special. Flexibility Customers hate to hear the word No or it cannot be done. Its not always possible to say yes to a customer or do exactly what they want however it is important to be as flexible as you can. Staff needs to motivate and convince customer to take another meal or service.If someone to know their name (names of customers) A customer name is one of the sweetest sounds they will ever hear. If you use a customer’s name when you talk to them it indicates that you recognize them as an individual. Don't use it too often as it can become irritating, but definitely at the start and the end of a conversation. 2. 3 assess the opportunities and constraints affecting product and service development within a hospitality environment Food and nutrition Dietary requirements Proteins are required throughout life to create, maintain and renew human body.The amount of proteins required changes with age, during growth periods and depending on health of huma n body. Now days people are very health conscious so according to their needs restaurant provide food of their choices For example: restaurants provides special kids menu age 2 to 12 and these are foods that kids tend to like and which meet kids dietary requirements like fruits. For Strict vegetarian Restaurants do not mix any animal products like beef, chicken, fish, eggs and they provide pure vegetarian food to customers. They provide different kinds of salads, other vege dishes.Regulations acts in implement on restaurant and employer liability towards the customers are as follows (class work) Health and safety act There are laws and systems that have been established to help ensure that the food served in restaurants is safe. Bacteria grow very easily if given the chance. The local Health Department will send out inspectors to make sure that the chefs and servers are following the proper guidelines. Inspectors will issue fines for minor violations and can shut you down for major violations. This act states that the relation of guest and staff protected from health issues.During work the environment should be neat and clean. People should work in clean environment and make food in clean place. In restaurant they can use clean and right equipment’s and cutlery. Employment act 1992 The health and safety in employment act 1992 states that to prevent harm to the all the employee who all are working in the premises and for other person who is in the neighborhood of work should also be protected moreover the customer who all come to dine in the premises should also be taken care off. Restaurant staff never provided food which can harmful for guest and they should prevent them from food.They need to check expiry dates and food storage in right temperature and there should be system which followed by business from food deliveries in the restaurant on time. It also include proper receiving, storage, preparation, cooking and serving food. Staff training should be compulsory because of their knowledge. Restaurant should prevent customers from hazards. The privacy act According to the Privacy act states that individual privacy therefore is personal details of the guest should not to be disclosed to any one at any point of time.Customer privacy act implies in restaurant operations. No one can disclose any information about customers. Human rights act According to the Human rights act 1993 says that nobody can discriminate any one on the basis of Race, color, ethnic origin, disability, gender, marital status, age, religion, political opinion, employment status, sexual orientation. Trading act Shop trading repeal act 1990 defines about the hours of opening the business which also help the customer to be aware about their purchasing time. 2. evaluate different merchandising opportunities for hospitality products and services A combination of local media and local store marketing programs will be utilized at each location. Local store marketing is most effective, followed by radio, then print. As soon as a concentration of stores is established in a market then broader media will be explored. Advertising is best form to promote restaurant. By providing an entertaining environment with unbeatable quality at an unbelievable price in a clean and friendly restaurant than it automatically increases sales.There are some methods of advertising such as TV, radio commercials and newspaper ads can be very expensive. If any person ready to open a new restaurant or promote existing restaurant and they don’t have a very big advertising budget than there are still several ways to promote restaurant even on a low budget. Restaurant Website One of the most powerful tools a restaurant their own websites. More and more people are turning to the World Wide Web for information rather than the yellow pages. Maintaining a website is crucial for any business today.It is simplest way to attract customer and get sales profit. People sell pr oducts directly to consumers and it should give the basic information of restaurant and about hours, telephone number, directions and a copy of menu. Restaurant also advertises on website customer promotions on weekly promotions such as an early bird menu or happy hour details.. One of the best ways to get business through restaurant website is linking with other businesses such as local hotels, the chamber of commerce and local tourist information sites.Menu Flyers Creating a menu flyer or a take-out menu is another way to get the word out about restaurant without breaking the bank. Place these flyers at local hotels, chambers of commerce and to local businesses. Menu flyers placed on popular tourist destinations as well such ski mountains, parks or whatever place in the area that draws a crowd. On flyers menu we are not able to put whole menu so it is ok if we post some popular dishes and including hours and any special promotions like happy hours, direction and contact number.New spapers Newspaper advertisement is very cheapest way to promote restaurant because if we don’t have enough money to promote on high level, like bigger advertisements than we advertise restaurant on newspaper within less amount. Menu Inserts Menu inserts are a great way to advertise new promotions or services to existing customer base. For example if there is a introducing a new promotion such as a wine tasting dinner on the first Friday of each month, we can place an insert advertise that is in regular menu. Theme nightsTheme nights like particular theme on the day which are not preparing in restaurant before but now restaurant decide to create French menu with flowering theme and beautiful decoration with candles. According to customer interest if someone like French food or flowering theme than they will definitely come to restaurant. Customer like fun loving nights. It increases there interest to come again and again. When to Spend More on Advertising? Restaurants should p lan to increase their advertising budgets during the holiday season.In October or early November, run a newspaper ad reminding the public to book their holiday parties and order their party platters. If the place where restaurant located tourist destination then it is a good idea to place an ad in the local paper and or tourist paper prior to the busy season May for the summer months, November for the winter months. Many chambers of commerce or local tourism associations will publish a newspaper geared specifically toward tourists. It highlights all the sights and activities of an area. Advertising is key to gaining new business for your restaurant.However, you don’t have to spend a fortune to attract new business, when you think outside of the traditional advertising box. Lo3 understand pricing and profitability concepts within hospitality operations 3. 1 evaluate different methods of pricing taking into account additional pricing considerations It is all about product and h ow much to charge for product or service. There numbers of strategies to overcome problem in manage product price or menu price. There are some Pricing strategies to set the price of product and service like cost, positioning and maximizing quantity.Correct pricing is very important in restaurant business or any other business. There are four methods to calculate the pricing. Some of the pricing methods are following: Methods of pricing 1)Cost-plus pricing Cost-plus pricing is the simplest pricing method. The firm calculates the cost of producing the product and adds on a percentage (profit) to that price to give the selling price. This method although simple has two flaws; it takes no account of demand and there is no way of determining if potential customers will purchase the product at the calculated price.Set the price at your production cost, including both cost of goods and fixed costs at your current volume, plus a certain profit margin. For example, widgets cost $20 in raw m aterials and production costs and at current sales volume or anticipated initial sales volume and fixed costs come to $30 per unit. Total cost is $50 per unit. Then decide that want to operate at a 20% markup, so add $10 (20% x $50) to the cost and come up with a price of $60 per unit. So long as you have costs calculated correctly and have accurately predicted your sales volume and it will always be operating at a profit. )Psychological pricing Hitting price points that are significant for example pricing items at $14. 99 instead of $15 customer perceive them as being better value. It is easy way to attract customers and make more money from this strategy. And also covers pricing items too low on a menu in comparison to other dishes 3)Breakeven pricing It may define as that volume of business at which total costs are equal to sales and where neither profit nor loss is made. Total sales and total expenses are equal and there is neither loss nor profit. 4)Popular price pointsThere ar e certain prices points (specific prices) at which people become much more willing to buy a certain type of product. For example under $100 is a popular price point. Enough under $20 to be under $20 with sales tax is another popular price point, because it's one bill that people commonly carry. Meals under $5 are still a popular price point, as are entree or snack items under $1 notice how many fast-food places have a $0. 99 value menu. Dropping price to a popular price point might mean a lower margin but more than enough increase in sales to offset it. 5)Fair pricingSometimes it simply doesn't matter what the value of the product is even if we don't have any direct competition. There is simply a limit to what consumers perceive as fair. If it's obvious that our product only cost $20 to manufacture even if it delivered $1000 in value, it is a hard time charging two or three thousand dollars for it and people would just feel like they were being squeezed. A little market testing will help to determine the maximum price consumers will perceive as fair. 6)Positioning Poisoning means pricing about product and it is a key part of pricing.For example if anybody running discount store than he always set their prices lower than their competitors. The pricing has to be constant with the poisoning. Customers always want reasonable price and good quality of food. 7)Cost based pricing In hospitality this involves accurately calculating the food or beverage cost of per unit usually done by using a standard recipe than a percentage is added for gross profit to arrive at the selling price. It is important to ensure that the gross profit percentage added is enough to cover all fixed and variable cost as well as the desired profit margin. )Market oriented pricing (Qualitative) This method looks at the relationship between price and value for money like how much people are prepared to spend and will take into account the whole meal experience from decor of restaurant, menu item s, staff service and cleaning. Factors effects on pricing Price must always be consistent with the customer’s perception of value. The higher price the greater the customer’s expectation and it is to disappoint. If the product is perceived to be too expensive the customer will find substitutes.If the product is priced too low the customer may feel it reflects inferior quality. Budget perspective a price needs to include the cost to the business as well as the profit expectations. GST cost It is a value with added tax and it is compulsory for everyone who buys product and service from seller. For example when chef costing the menu he will include tax cost with dish cost. (pricing methods) 3. 2 assess the factors in hospitality operations which effect revenue generation and profitability Pricing is one of the four elements of the marketing mix, along with product, place and promotion.Pricing strategy is important for companies who wish to achieve success by finding the p rice point where they can maximize sales and profits. Companies may use a variety of pricing strategies, depending on their own unique marketing goals and objectives. Portion Control One reason that chain restaurants are so successful is that they have a firm handle on portion control. The cooks in those restaurants know exactly how much of each ingredient to put in every dish. For example, shrimp scampi may have a portion control of six shrimp per dish.Therefore, every shrimp scampi that goes out of that kitchen will have six shrimp in it no more, no less. This is portion control. In order to practice portion control in your own kitchen everything should be measured out. Chicken, beef and fish should all be weighed, while shredded cheese can be stored in portion control cups and a measuring cup can dish out mashed potatoes. Once you feel comfortable cooking about menu, then serving amounts (sort of like Rachael Ray) but in the early stages of your restaurant, err on the side of cau tion and measure everything out.Another way to practice portion control is to purchase proportioned items, such as steaks, burger patties, chicken breasts, and pizza dough. They may be more expensive but can save you money in labor and food waste. Sales mix Sales mix is a combination of different sales products like beverages, food, desert and side coffees. Total of brunch sales, dinner sales is equal to total revenue. Customer service Good customer service is the life blood of any business. In a fine dining restaurant customers pay for service to enjoy food and atmosphere.A waiter or waitress serves customer food and beverages and it is up to staff that the customer back again to take service. It means if the staff provides fine and attractive service. Good customer is all about bringing customers back and about sending them away happy and happy enough to pass positive feedback about business. Staff knowledge Staff should know about menu items on tips with their descriptions and if staffs have knowledge about menu and beverages it will be a positive point and if customer asks about product than staff should answer with confidence.It will be good impressions on customers and they would like to some more food or come back again. Customer feel good as they get what they want and customer will be enjoy service. Selling skills Servers also known as waiters and waitresses are a key part of your restaurant staff. Without good service, few customers would return to any restaurant. A good server does more than just wait on customers. He or she is a salesperson. (Perhaps they should be called sellers, instead. ) They should not just be taking orders and delivering food. They should be selling a product- your restaurant menu. A good server knows how to up-sell.Up-selling is simply getting a customer to spend more than he was originally intending. Factors affecting profitability in restaurant business that is: LO2 AND LO3 CLASS NOTES Class work/notes Misleading informati on to customers because 1. Guest complaint increase 2. Spoil image of the restaurant 3. Loss of money 4. Restaurant get fined if they don’t obey rules 5. Effect the brand image 6. No loyalty towards organization 7. Lack of staff training like if staff not provide service to customers properly than customer get dissatisfy they will never come back to restaurant 8. Effect on brand image if there is any problem in operations 9.Hygiene if there is no proper cleaning in kitchen than it direct effect on food so as a result customer will get sick from that food and it effects on restaurant image Employee’s duties for the protection of the consumer 1. Provide and maintain a safe workplace which uses safe equipment and areas where customer think I am safe and they come again and again if they like place. 2. Prevent risks from use of any article or substance and from exposure to physical agents and noise 3. Prevent any improper conduct or behavior likely to put the safety, healt h and welfare of employees at risk 4.Provide instructions and training to employees on health and safety 5. Provide protective clothing and equipment to employees 6. Appointing a capable person as the organization’s Safety Officer which helps when someone in danger 7. To take reasonable care to protect the health and safety of themselves and of other people in the workplace 8. Not to engage in improper behavior that will endanger themselves or others 9. Not to be under the influence of drink or drugs in the workplace 10. To complaint any defects in the place of work or equipment which are not good or danger to health and safetyLo4 Areas that are commonly appraised Deliveries on time If deliveries come on time we will not run out anything. Moreover we could store at right temperature on right place. If delivers come on time then chef has time to organize stuff. Wrong deliveries if wrong delivers come than there are many problems that may arise like chef cannot do preparation w ithout his products. If customer asks for particular item in the menu which we donot have due to wrong deliveries. May be instead of waiting customer would prefer go and try somewhere else. Short term deliveriesShort term deliveries are known as like takeaways. Quality of items Quality should be good if the quality not good than customer always dissatisfied from service and success or failure of a restaurant is tied to the quality of the product, service and atmosphere. Customers expect fresh food that is tastefully prepared. They want impeccable service from knowledgeable staff and they want an environment that is clean and comfortable. By reviewing a checklist of vital points daily, restaurant consistently provide a quality product that will keep customers coming back for more. Back of House Commercial kitchens must be clean and sanitary. Customers or guest never see the kitchen area and cleanliness but restaurant should provide quality food with hygiene. Food is rotated in each d elivery to maintain freshness. * Storage temperature should be checked every day * Prevent cross contamination by identifying cutting surfaces and utensils for specific items such as vegetables * Storage area must be neat and clean * Clean uniforms should be worn by kitchen staff along with hair restraints and proper footwear. All cooking and cleaning equipment should be serviced on a regular basis.Front of House * Check plates, glassware and silver for cleanliness before serving food. * The dining should be clean and decorated * Clean all areas in dinning room dailybasis * Table should be wiped after customer leave the premises * Linen changed day by day * Hand-polishing glasses and silverware after each washing will keep them spot-free. * All plates and utensils should be spot-checked for cleanliness before serving. * Menus should be clean and wrinkle free. * Regularly check tables and chairs for cleanliness and to ensure they are not wobbly or cracked.Also be sure that restrooms are clean and stocked before each shift. Sometime packaging broken Sometimes while deliveries things get broken than staff has right give back that deliveries. Expiry date expired Staff should check expiry dates on products if th