Scarborough Issues

Scarborough issues Both the Philippines and China continue to assert sovereignty over the same area in the South China Sea. We therefore have an â€Å"international dispute,† an element necessary before one can go to an international court. We want to settle the dispute through the judicial resolution provision in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Unclos); but China does not. That is the bind we are in. Suppose, however, that China eventually agrees to go to court. Can the Unclos be the source of resolution?If we appeal to the convention, will we be contradicting ourselves, as some claim, by laying claim to an area which is outside the geographical limits of Philippine territory as delineated in the Treaty of Paris? Indeed, the Treaty of Paris is a good starting point. But the treaty is an 1890 document drafted and entered into on the basis of the understanding of what maritime laws were at that time and their limitations. At that time the division of the la w of waters was only between the territorial sea and the high seas. It said nothing beyond territorial waters.However, more jurisdictional divisions beyond territorial waters have developed since 1890. The territorial sea, as originally conceived, was the body of water which a coastal state could defend with the current range of cannons, a rather short distance. This was later expanded to the present 12 nautical miles. Within the territorial sea a coastal state could exercise certain restricted rights. Beyond the territorial sea were the high seas which were open to use and exploration by all. Things have changed radically since the early development of international law. The division into territorial sea and high seas is still there.But there have now come to be recognized certain zones of jurisdiction beyond the territorial waters. These developments are functional and resource-oriented and have come to threaten those who rely on traditional maritime rules. Thus, when you read of 22 Chinese vessels preventing Filipino vessels from entering the area around Scarborough Shoal, this is the problem we want the Unclos to resolve. The Unclos is not just a codification of customary international law but also goes beyond traditionally accepted rules. What are the new developments? First of all, we have to think of baselines.The Unclos allows states to draw baselines along the low water mark surrounding a coastal state. The baselines can either follow the indentations of the coast or they can be straight lines drawn from point to point. Straight baselines are allowed in archipelagos like the Philippines. Following the Unclos, we drew our baselines through the adoption of Republic Act 9522 modifying an earlier law. The baselines are important because the various zonal jurisdictions begin from there. Inward from the baselines are the internal waters over which a state exercises the same kind of jurisdiction it has over land.Outward from the baselines are 12 nautical mil es of territorial sea. This is still traditional international law. But recently there have been recognized, beyond the territorial sea and within the high seas, new zones of limited jurisdiction. These new zones of limited jurisdiction are the contiguous zone (24 nautical miles), exclusive economic zone (200 nautical miles), and the continental shelf. These are covered by complicated rules that are under the Unclos. In some areas there has also been recognized an exclusive fish zone (200 nautical miles). The new zones, especially the exclusive economic zones of neighboring states, can overlap.The rules for resolving overlapping jurisdictions are also found in the Unclos. The Philippines has been asking China to go to court to resolve issues that have arisen in the Scarborough area. We also have issues with other neighboring states. These too will eventually have to be resolved through the Unclos. The problem we have with China is not just about waters but also about land area. A st ate’s claim to any portion of the sea begins from its terrestrial jurisdiction. We have conflicting terrestrial jurisdiction with China. We are claiming land areas that are outside the lines drawn by the Treaty of Paris.The challenge for us is to be able to justify our claims under the present state of international law. Merely citing the shape or date of old maps will not settle the issues. The Philippines will not abandon its claim simply on the basis of the lines of the 1890 Treaty of Paris. We should not surrender our claims simply on the basis of old maps. There is new international law jurisprudence on conflicting land claims which have to be studied to see how applicable it is to the current conflicting claims. This is a challenge to the Philippine government. Is solidifying our claim to terrestrial area essential to winning our maritime claims?Under RA 9522 we reasserted our claim to a â€Å"regime of islands† outside the Philippine archipelago. Islands, accord ing to the Unclos, also have their maritime jurisdiction. (I am not sure if Scarborough Shoal qualifies as an island under Unclos. ) But the waters there are 120 nautical miles off the Zambales mainland, or within our exclusive economic zone. That is one basis of our claim, a good point to start from. P. S. Incidentally, Dr. Benito Legarda Jr. corrected me when I said in a previous column that Bajo de Masinloc means Below Masinloc. He is right. I have found since then that â€Å"Bajo† is the old form of â€Å"bajio† which means shoal.

Pedro Parama time line Essay

Juan Preciado came to look for Pedro Paramo after Dolores Preciado’s death. 4-7 Preciado follows the man who claimes to be Pedro Paramo’s son too. The man tells Juan that Pedro had died. 9 The man he followed, named Abundio, suggests Preciado to go see Eduviges   Meets Eduviges Dyada   Juan Preciado lodges at Eduviges’s. Talkes about Dolores and goes to sleep. Pedro Paramo is thinking about Susana. Family is praying for Grandfather’s death and is poor after the burial. Preciado awakes and finds out from Eduviges that Abundio had died already. Eduviges talkes about Dolores and her marriage to Pedro  Ã‚  Susana has left the town. Pedro Paramo longs for her. ‘The day you went away I knew I would never see you again’ 21-23 Eduviges talkes about Miguel’s death and his ghost visiting her. ‘Have you ever heard the moan of a dead man? ‘ 23-24 Pedro’s mother’s ghost comes to inform about his father’s death ‘And you mother? Who killed you? ‘ 25-30 Father Renteria does not want to pray for Miguel’s death. However, he needs financial support from Pedro Paramo. 30-32 Marie Dyada wants Father Renteria to save Eduviges Dyada who died of sorrow. Father Renteria refused since they are poor. ‘Let’s leave things as they are. Let us put our hope in God’ 32-33 Juan meets Damiana Cisneros from Media Luna. ‘No sound: not even of my breathing or the beating of my heart. ‘ discussion 1 37-38 Lucas tells Fulgor that Pedro was a disappointment. 34-37 Pedro’s family owes money, especially to the Preciado women. Pedro decides to marry Dolores Preciado to clear the debts. 38-41 Dolores agrees to the wedding. Pedro wants Fulgor Sedano to file Toribio Aldrete for falsifying boundaries   Fulgor Sedano took care of Toribio Aldrete’s boundary problem. 41-43 Preciado realizes Damiana Cisnero wasn’t alive Preciado hears two women talking about Pedro. Toribio Aldrete talks to his brother in law about the land. 45-46 Miguel Paramo is planning to elope with Chona, his lover. Discussion 2Juan realizes the sounds aren’t real and meet a man and woman The woman and her brother Donis live in sin and her face looks diseased. Man comes back and promises to lead him away the next day. A woman comes in while the two are out and scares Preciado. The two comes back and calms Preciado down. He awakes beside the woman, Donis is gone; Preciado goes out Preciado hears his mother talking to him. 57-58 Juan wakes up from the heat and goes outside, then falls unconscious. ‘There was no air; only the dead. ‘ Meets Dorotea and tells her what happened to himself. Dorotea talkes about herself and her delusion of a son.   Fulgor Sedano criticizes Miguel’s actions. Pedro is being overly protective of Miguel. 65-66 Juan Preciado & Dorotea talke about the sky. â€Å"The sky is so high and my eyes so clouded that I was happy just knowing where the ground was. † 66-68 Pedro is informed by Fulgor regarding Miguel’s death. â€Å"He felt no sorrow. â€Å"Night when Miguel died, Father Renteria recounts Miguel and Pedro, leads him to think about his confession to a fellow priest. 75-78 Narrated by Susana about her mother and Justina. 78-81 Juan hears Susana’s voice and learns that Susana’s mother died when she was born. Dorotea tells him how Pedro adored Susanna. 81-82 Fulgor Sedano informs Pedro about Susana’s return.   Narrated by Pedro Paramo, expressing joy at Susana’s return. ‘I felt that the heavens were parting’   Susana and her father quarrel about Susana ‘s decision to be with Pedro Paramo. 85 Pedro arranges to let Susana’s father, Bartelome, ‘disappear’ in the mine. 86-89 Indians from Apango visit Comala. Chapter explores Justina and Susana’s relationship. Susana is informed of Bartelome’s death and reminisces about her childhood of mistreatment by Bartolome. 91-93 Father Renteria consoles Susana about Florencio, her husband’s death. Susana: ‘why do you come see me, when you are dead’ *discussion 3* 93-95 El Tartamudo tells Pedro about the death of Fulgor Sedano. Pedro does not react and thinks about Susana instead. â€Å"But what world was Susana San Juan living in? † 95-96 Juan and Dorotea converse about the sea. â€Å"And the next morning, I was again in the sea, purifying myself. Giving myself to the waves. † Pedro Paramo provides the rebels with men and money for them to rebel against government. 99-100 Juan and Dorotea hear Susana’s murmurs about a dead man, possibly Florencio. 100-101 Susana pines over Florencio’s death. Pedro tries to console her but did not know how. 101-104 Gerardo Trujillo, Pedro’s lawyer, leaves after the fight between the rebels and Villistas, but comes back demanding more money. 105-107 Damiana Cisneros refused to let Pedro in from Margarita’s. She is aware of the revolutionaries 107-108 Damasio describes state of the war to Pedro and demands money 109-111 Susana and Justina converse about sins. â€Å"I only believe in hell† Two old women talk about Susana and the fact that she should confess before she dies. Susana dies. â€Å"He sheltered me in his arms. He gave me love. â€Å"discussion 4 People of Comala ignore Susana’s death due to festivities. Pedro swears to wreak vengeance on Comala. ‘†I will cross my arms and Comala will die of hunger. † And that was what happened. ‘ 117 Pedro orders El Ticuate to help the government 117-118 Pedro longes for Susana to come back Abundio, illegitimate son of Pedro, comes back to village to ask for money for his wife’s burial. Pedro rejects and is wounded.   Pedro Paramo dies.Discussions: 1. At this point, is this enough of an evidence to say that Juan Preciado has already died? If not, at what point of the novel do you think that Juan Preciado becomes one of the deceased? 2. Do you agree that the man here is referred to as Miguel instead of someone else? If there were other possibilities, then who and why? 3. Did Father Renteria die at this point? Or was Susana who died? Why did Father Renteria appear alive later on? 4. Is Susana referring to God or Florencio? Why do you think so and base on what evidences?

Oprah Winfrey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oprah Winfrey - Research Paper Example (Andrew Malcolm, â€Å"A surprise: Oprah pays a real cost for supporting Barack Obama†): According to a survey conducted in 1999 for the most admired and respected women of the 20th century; Oprah got 26 % of the votes coming at second place. Mother Teresa was voted No.1 in this survey. Another poll was conducted in 2003 by Fox News and the poll results showed that 60% of the people thought that Oprah was the most powerful woman. Whereas Hillary Clinton, who is a former first lady and senator was able to influence only 28% of the people who took the poll. (Thomas, â€Å"Oprah Winfrey- Bio Brief†) She was born on January 29, 1954 in Mississippi to Vernita Lee, a housekeeper, and Vernon Winfrey, who was a soldier. Her parents were not very rich people and she did not enjoy a luxurious lifestyle in her childhood. On the contrary, she saw many hard times which have made her the person she is now. Her full name is Oprah Gail Winfrey. (Thomas, â€Å"Oprah Winfrey- Bio Brief†) Her first job was of a news anchor at Nashvilles WTVF, she was the first African-American anchor there. After some time she was asked to co-host a show â€Å"People are Talking†. This was her first step on the road of much bigger things. Then, she finally landed in Chicago to host a low rated morning show â€Å"AM Chicago†. Her personality and interpersonal skills earned that show first place within a span of 12 months. After years of small jobs, she got the job of her dreams to host her own show â€Å"The Oprah Winfrey Show† which is one now of the top-rated shows of the world. Her easy to talk attitude has earned her a great fan following. The great part about her fame is that she uses it to influence people in doing well for the society and in making the planet a better place for everyone to live in. She is considered to be one of the richest people in the entertainment industry and is always involved in giving away donations and helping the poor. She has also made a charity

The Education Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Education Industry - Essay Example 1). They put students in control of their education rather than the faculty, staff, or accrediting bodies, because all or most of their funding comes directly from the students and they are treated with "customer service" instead of having to earn their degrees. According to Zach Stocks (2009, pg. 1), "Consistent readers should be aware of the fact that I see many for-profit education companies as short candidates. Conventional wisdom states that during tough economic times, workers will pursue education programs in order to improve their wage potential, or to develop skill in an area likely to provide them a job." Certainly, no one is saying that a college degree is not valuable. In fact, we are stating quite the opposite. It is just a matter of choosing the wiser path to follow for your own needs: for-profit or nonprofit. It is really up to you. We can prove the worth of a college degree simply by looking at the graph that follows. According to the National Center for Study of the Privatization of Education (2009, pg. 1), "There are two types of for-profit schools. The first kind is a school that operates as a business and attempts to make a profit from its educational operation. The school receives a fee for each student it enrolls. The second kind is an educational management organization (EMO) that contracts with school districts and charter schools to operate public schools. The most important difference between the two types of for-profit schools is that EMOs usually manage schools receiving public funds. Most for-profit schools function as EMOs." For-profit schools are considered controversial. They use business techniques to improve their schools rather than relying on state or federal mandates to improve them. "Therefore, the main concern of management is realizing profits and promoting growth. Proponents of for-profit schools claim business models will benefit students, because financial success depends on providing a quality education. Schools must improve if they are to compete for students. Opponents fear for-profit schools will make students a secondary concern and eliminate beneficial programs that are too expensive or take short-cuts to enhance profitability. The potential

China's business model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

China's business model - Essay Example This number has quickly increased to now stand at about 5.8 million workers with Africa playing host to an estimated over 1 million Chinese workers (Djik, 2009). China has experienced rapid growth that has seen the country quickly grow to become the world’s second largest luxury market in the year 2009. The attainment of a 27.5% global luxury market share caused the country to effectively surpass the United States and was able to come second only to Japan. This massive growth has been seen to be quite remarkable especially in light of the country’s market consumption in in luxury products has only been in existence for a time period of approximately 20 years (Zhang and Stening, 2009). So as to be able to critically analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the business model in use in China, it is possible to individually analyze several key aspects of the model so as to gain a better understanding of the whole model in general one of these key aspects is the business model’s private economy. ... sses in the country, others classified as being part of the private economy include the various enterprises that happen to have investments from Taiwan, Macau and Hong Kong. This definition of private economies is seen to essentially leave out foreign-invested enterprises in the definition. Advantages Attributed to the China Business Model as a Result of its Private Economy Attribute The country’s private economy helped provide a ready labor market for country’s growing rural labor force. According to various government statistics, the country’s over 250 thousand enterprises that happened to be privately owned as at 1988, were able to successfully absorb over an estimated 4 million labors. This private economy was able to make better use of various resources such as available surplus expertise and labor, and funds that were not being properly utilized by the country’s state government (Chen, 1995). The Chinese business model also advocates for preference o f Chinese workers over workers of other nationalities. This is highlighted by the approach taken by the country in regards to the various contracts obtained by its companies in other countries. An illustration of this factor being that, during the recent economic crisis that severely crippled the economies of several markets around the world, China was seen to be relatively unaffected as it continued to invest in several countries ranging from the Bahamas across to various countries in Africa. In a recent deal portraying the effectiveness of the Chinese business model, one of the country’s construction companies was able to sign a deal in Bahamas that was it get contracted to build a $3 billion gambling project (Dean, 2011). China was able to capitalize on this deal by insisting on bringing in its own

Enter preneuship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Enter preneuship - Essay Example The international business scene offers unlimited opportunities for entrepreneurs in generating income and increased revenues. However, such success does not come without a close analysis of the market, as well as the factors that are likely going to contribute to the success of the business at the international markets. Thus, different factors contribute to either the success or failure of businesses operating at an international level. This essay discusses the factors that entrepreneurs should bear in mind whenever trying to establish their operations at the international level. Culture According to Neelankavil (2007), culture of the people is one of the most important factors to consider before establishing a business at the international market. Different countries have different cultures and within these countries, people hold diverse cultural practices and beliefs. Experts argue that since United States is the most developed country globally, assuming that all cultures in the w orld resemble the United States is the worst mistake that a business could make. ... This is however not true as some cultures do not embrace technology at all. Subsequently, whenever deciding on the methods to use in advertising for the products, putting into consideration the level of technology absorption is important. Using technological modes of advertising such as the internet and social media, live adverts and television targeting such people is less likely to have any impact. Further, some communities due to their religious beliefs do not use some products. These could be either processed foods or elements of technology, which they consider unspiritual and unhealthy. An entrepreneur should be aware of such issues in the society before establishing operations in any place. Additionally, observing the traditional cultural events and practices of different communities is equally important for the success of any entrepreneur at the international market (McDonald & Burton, 2002). Observing and respecting these events in addition to making the business appealing to the local people reduces the levels of conflicts with the people. By showing respect and engaging in these events with the people engages the business, thus creating a good relationship with the locals. This could contribute to the success of the business in this market. Legal factors Every country has different legal systems from each other. As constitutions govern different countries, the constitution establishes the laws governing businesses operating within its jurisdiction. As such, any entrepreneur seeking to establish operations at the international level ought to consider the laws governing the businesses in target countries. The most important law to put into consideration is taxation of the businesses in the country (McDonald &

Summary and analysis of an article for micro- economics Essay

Summary and analysis of an article for micro- economics - Essay Example Many economists have predicted a rise in the GDP by spring which could help raise the unemployment rate. The article quotes the job loss trend witnessed in JPMorgan Chase in relation to the decline in the GDP. A 9 to 10% unemployment rate is being predicted to occur by mid-year which can in turn put a lot of stress to the banking sector. Such an economic down trend could result in wage cuts and prices of commodities. If the GDP reaches 3.5%, an 8.5% rate in unemployment will be witnessed by the end of 2009. However economists have stated that with an already higher unemployment rate the GDP may have understated the weakness of the economy. Thus even if a positive economic growth is seen in the second half of this year it might not be able to keep the unemployment rate from increasing in the next year. While recessions in the past have seen a rapid recovery in the aftermath the current situation is more unlikely to follow the same due to the higher healing time required by financial sectors this time around. There is a lot of dependence on consumer spending and stimulus programs to better the situation and a positive improvement in the unemployment rates can add to faster